Diabetes, a chronic disease, needs long-term care. Experts point out that we should pay attention to "eight commandments" in the treatment of diabetes. Let's introduce them one by one.
One ring: over weight loss
We know that obesity is an independent risk factor for diabetes. To lose weight for overweight people will help improve insulin resistance and increase the efficacy of hypoglycemic drugs. However, it is not the thinner the better, it should be in line with the standard weight. Because excessive emaciation will lead to deterioration of nutritional status, immune function and anti infection ability. In addition, the risk of hypoglycemia is increased because of the decrease of glycogen reserve and the decrease of self-regulation ability to hypoglycemia.
Two commandments: over diet
Diet therapy is the basis of diabetes treatment, which is very important for reducing blood sugar and controlling weight. However, dietary therapy is not equal to 'starvation therapy', but on the premise of ensuring the physiological activities of patients, it is necessary to appropriately limit the total calories of food, while maintaining nutritional balance. Excessive diet or partial diet will lead to caloric deficiency, malnutrition, anemia, hunger ketosis, reduce the body's resistance. Excessive diet will also lead to the rise of blood sugar rebound after hypoglycemia, which is not conducive to the stable control of blood sugar. In addition, diet treatment should not be "one size fits all". For patients with diabetes who are obviously emaciated or pregnant, diet control should be appropriately relaxed.
Three commandments: Hypoglycemia
In fact, the harm of severe hypoglycemia is more serious than that of hyperglycemia. The light ones are manifested as panic, sweating, dizziness and paralysis. The heavy ones will seriously damage the central nervous system, leading to consciousness disorder, coma and even death; In addition, hypoglycemia can increase sympathetic excitability, vasoconstriction and blood pressure, and lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents (such as myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis, etc.). In addition, long-term chronic hypoglycemia can lead to mental disorders and even dementia (especially in the elderly).
Four commandments: excessive exercise
Exercise therapy is also one of the basic treatment of diabetes. It has many benefits for diabetic patients: it can increase the body's heat consumption, improve insulin resistance, reduce blood sugar; promote blood circulation, improve cardiopulmonary function; prevent osteoporosis, improve physical and mental health, etc. The key is to step by step, master the exercise mode and intensity, otherwise, it will backfire. Intense exercise (belonging to 'anaerobic exercise') can excite the sympathetic nerve, increase the secretion of insulin antagonistic hormones such as catecholamine, and increase the blood sugar. In addition, too long exercise time and too much exercise (especially on an empty stomach) will significantly increase the risk of hypoglycemia. In addition, not all diabetes patients are suitable for exercise, for example, patients with severe hyperglycemia, patients with renal impairment, patients with cardiac insufficiency or angina pectoris, patients with active fundus hemorrhage are not suitable for exercise. Therefore, it is necessary for diabetics to have a comprehensive physical examination and listen to doctors' opinions before they start exercise.