Original title: some southern cities began to focus on heating to solve the problem of people in the South relying on heating
With the improvement of people's living needs, in recent years, every winter, southern heating has become the focus of the society.
At present, some cities in the north have started central heating in succession. According to a survey by Xinhua view, in some southern cities, the situation of "heating by shaking" has changed significantly in winter. In recent years, some urban areas in Wuhan, Hefei, Changsha and other cities have begun to carry out central heating in winter, and some cities are planning and constructing heating projects.
In the 1950s, China divided a central heating system between the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River, which is located at 33 degrees north latitude. According to the survey, in recent years, central heating has begun to appear in some areas south of the 'heating lines' in Wuhan, Hefei, Changsha, etc.
According to Wang Lei, director of Municipal Public Administration Department of Hefei urban and Rural Development Bureau, at present, there are 189 central heating communities in Hefei thermal power group, with 115000 residents and a heating area of 25 million square meters, covering the main urban areas and three development zones of Hefei.
In Wuhan, Hubei Province, several areas near the thermal power plant in Wuchang area have enjoyed central heating. Wuhan will also arrange a large-scale cogeneration unit in the west of Hankou and Hanyang respectively, with the heating range radiating the East-West Lake area, Qiaokou area and Wuhan Development Zone.
Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, has stepped up the construction of heat supply network. Fenghuang water bank, located in the Slender West Lake scenic area, and other residential areas will realize central heating.
Some urban central heating projects are under planning and construction. A number of water intake pump stations and energy stations are being built in Jiangbei new district, a state-level new district in Nanjing. It is planned that public buildings such as Jiangbei civic center and service and trade building will be officially heated in early 2020. In the next few years, some districts in the central area of the new area will also use river water source heat pump for central heating.
According to the survey, at present, the central heating area in the south is mainly the capital city with relatively developed economy. Due to the difficulty and high cost of laying heating pipes in the old urban area, most of the new urban areas are for central heating.
According to the introduction, only Hefei City in Anhui Province has truly achieved a large range of central heating, and the other six cities of central heating use the residual heat of power plants to heat individual communities, with a small coverage.
It is understood that most of the central heating planning in southern China stays at the municipal level, and few provincial governments make central heating planning.
According to the reporter's investigation, most of the central heating places in the South adopt the way of charging according to the area.
In the Lanjing Oasis Community of Wuhan, the reporter learned that the heating fee is charged according to the building area, the unit price is 10 yuan / m2 / month, and the unit price is 0.4 yuan / kWh. According to the calculation, the heating cost of a family in a heating season is about 4000 yuan.
'the price is basically affordable. "Mr. Li, a resident of the Lanjing Oasis Community, said that the old house he used to live in had no heating. He often woke up with thick quilts in the whole winter, and the old people and children in his family also suffered frostbite. Now the whole family feel more comfortable, and the elderly and children are less sick.
Hefei calculates the heating fee according to the area ladder, that is, if the building area is within 144 square meters, the heating price of the first step is 21.5 yuan / square meter; if the building area is above 144 square meters, the heating price of the second step is 23 yuan / square meter.
The reporter learned that Wuhan, Hefei and other southern cities belong to the national non statutory central heating area, and there are no relevant financial subsidies, tax relief and other central heating support policies. Due to the rise of energy prices such as coal, some heating enterprises are under great pressure.
At present, the main energy source of central heating in Hefei is coal. In recent years, affected by the rise of coal price, the phenomenon of "coal heat hanging upside down" is serious, which brings huge cost pressure to heating enterprises. In 2018, Hefei thermal power group lost up to 155 million yuan in the whole year.
Wuhan has long planned to use the waste heat generated by the thermal power plants in Wuchang and Qingshan to provide heating and hot water to the users within the coverage through the laying of urban heating network. However, due to the tight supply of natural gas and the rising price of coal, the heating enterprises are "unprofitable", and the original heating plan has not been fully implemented.
In recent years, the demand for heating in the south is growing. Fang Zhen, vice president of China Urban Heating Association and chairman of Hefei thermal power group, said that in recent years, every time the two sessions of Hefei were held, representatives of the people's Congress and members of the CPPCC put forward suggestions and proposals to promote urban central heating.
Yangzhou urban construction state-owned assets holding (Group) Co., Ltd. told reporters that before the start of the construction of central heating facilities in the city area, people kept calling for consultation, hoping to achieve central heating as soon as possible.
However, at the same time, there are many voices against the large-scale central heating in the south.
According to the heads of urban construction departments in some cities, the annual heating cycle in the south is short, and the utilization rate of central heating facilities is low. The unified central heating mode in the north is not suitable for the south. The reporter interviewed two heating pipes in Hefei at random and found that about 30% of the owners did not open the heating system after entering the residential area for about 10 years.
In some owners who do not open heating, some residents think that the air conditioner in their home can be switched on and off at any time, and the cost is lower than that of central heating; others think that the community is smaller, and the public sharing cost of central heating is too much and unreasonable. In addition, there are some owners who do not stay for a long time and do not have heating.
Jiang Yi, academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering and director of the center for building energy conservation research of Tsinghua University, believes that the indoor and outdoor temperature difference in the south is smaller than that in the north, and the difference in heating demand between different households is large. If the central heating is unified, some rooms may overheat and make people feel uncomfortable. This is the main technical reason why heating in the North should be centralized and heating in the South should be decentralized.
Many people in the industry believe that the heating in the South should not simply copy the central heating mode in the north, but should be solved in a diversified way according to local conditions. For example, it is suitable for centralized unified heating in urban population concentrated area. For some residential areas where the municipal central heating pipeline cannot reach, distributed energy central heating can be adopted. Generally speaking, when the heating radius of the heat source plant exceeds 15 kilometers, the economic benefits and effects of heating will decrease. The residential area with scattered or no central heating pipeline is more suitable to use gas wall mounted furnace and other heating equipment.
"There are many technical routes for heating in the south, the key is to improve energy efficiency and reduce primary energy consumption. The relevant person in charge of Nanjing Ganghua Gas Co., Ltd. said that at present, due to the long distance of the pipeline and the long time of construction, the pipeline of central heating in the north often runs, drips, drips and leaks; and the heating is mainly coal burning, resulting in a series of problems such as low heating efficiency, large environmental pollution, and more government subsidies. The central heating in South China should avoid the old way of North China, make full use of clean energy and improve heating efficiency.