In order to protect the security of political power, ancient Chinese feudal dynasties often built passes and garrisoned troops in some important places with dangerous terrain and easy to defend and difficult to attack. So, what do the five Chinese customs mean? What is the first level?
Yan men Guan
When it comes to Yanmen pass, the first thing you know about it is Mr. Jin Yong's "eight heavenly dragons". In movies, TV dramas and novels, Yanmen pass is the place where Xiao Feng's mother died and where Xiao Feng jumped from the cliff. Yanmen pass is far more famous in history. Yanmen pass is located in the Yanmen mountain in the north of Xin Zhou, Shanxi Province. It is the most important pass in the middle of the Great Wall. It is easy to defend and difficult to attack.
Yanmen pass is of great strategic significance in the era of cold weapons. It is the only way for the northern minorities to go south, so the Central Plains Dynasty has always deployed heavy troops in Yanmen pass. Once Yanmen pass fails, the Central Plains Dynasty will be in danger. In history, there have been more than 140 wars here, which have always been the battleground of strategists.
Tongguan
Tongguan is located at the junction of Henan, Shaanxi and Shanxi, with the surging Yellow River in the north and the majestic Qinling Mountains in the south. In the age of cold weapons, Tongguan entered the Guanzhong Plain from Luoyang to the West. Tongguan has become the only way. Its importance is self-evident. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the founding of new China, Tongguan has always been a place for strategists to fight for. Once Tongguan was conquered, the political power in Guanzhong region would be destroyed in an instant. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, after an Shi rebellion broke out and the rebels broke through Tongguan, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty escaped from Chang'an city with his family members. Later, the Yellow nest uprising broke through Tongguan, and after that, Emperor Yizong of Tang Dynasty immediately fled and gave up Chang'an. So Tongguan is the east gate of Guanzhong Plain. Without it, we will lose 800 li of Qinchuan land. Unfortunately, due to a variety of historical reasons, Tongguan ancient city building and ancient county town have disappeared.
Jiayuguan
When it comes to Shanhaiguan, we must mention Jiayuguan. Jiayuguan is the westernmost part of the Great Wall. Located in the narrowest Valley in the west of Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province, it is the throat of Hexi Corridor, which is also a dangerous terrain, easy to defend and hard to attack. Jiayuguan was also built in the Ming Dynasty under the leadership of Zhu Yuanzhang. Many famous people in history have left famous poems here.
Shanhaiguan
Shanhaiguan is located in the east end of the Great Wall, the Bohai Sea in the South and Yanshan in the north. It is still a dangerous terrain, easy to defend and hard to attack. Shanhaiguan in the ancient feudal society, known as' the throat of the border county, the guarantee of the capital '. After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, he realized the importance of the location, so he asked people to build Shanhaiguan to protect the Central Plains Dynasty. The importance of Shanhaiguan is self-evident. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Jin Army wanted to conquer Shanhaiguan all the time, but it was blocked by the Ming army stationed here for many years. In 1644, Wu Sangui surrendered to the Qing army and merged with the Qing army. Li Zicheng's peasant army fought fiercely in Shanhaiguan. At last, Li Zicheng was defeated. The Qing army successfully entered the pass. Since then, it has ruled China for more than 200 years.
Jianmen Pass
Jianmen pass is famous for Li Bai's "the road to Sichuan is difficult". It's not too much to describe Jianmen pass as "one man is at the gate, one man can't open it.". Jianmen pass was in the age of underdeveloped transportation in ancient times. If the Central Plains wants to enter Sichuan, it must pass through Jianmen pass. Therefore, Jianmen pass became the throat of entering Sichuan. Jianmen pass is built on the Sichuan Road which is difficult to climb to the blue sky. There are steep cliffs on both sides. A gate building with a width of 18 meters, a height of 20 meters and a depth of about 17 meters has been built. If you want to conquer it, you can imagine the difficulty.
In history, the sword gate pass has only been conquered twice, but this time it was not conquered from the front, but from the back. That is to say, the first time we conquered Langzhong City, and then we attacked from the East, West and south of the gentle terrain, then we conquered the sword gate pass. These two times, all happened in modern times, one was during the long march of the Red Army, the other was during the war of liberation. So it's also reasonable to regard Jianmen pass as the first pass in the world. As the "first pass in the world", Laotang thinks that he can only rank second. I don't know what my friends think?