The outbreak of superfungi in the United States, so far, has spread to all countries in the world, and China has also appeared related cases of infection. For this disease, many people have a face of doubt, what is the super fungus? What are the symptoms of super fungus infection? Can it be treated? The following small make-up with you to understand the symptoms of super fungus infection and treatment related.
What is super fungus? Symptoms and treatment of super fungus infection
What are superfungi
The fungus, called the "superfungus", is a kind of nosocomial infection. two thousand and nine
It was found for the first time in a Japanese patient's external auditory canal secretion that it could be separated from skin (very common), urogenital tract (common), and respiratory tract (occasionally), leading to invasive infections, such as bloodstream Candida infection, pericarditis, urinary tract infection, etc.
In fact, as early as 2017, the CDC of the United States reported an outbreak of super fungal infection. In the UK, since 2013
Since the first case of infection was found in, there have been many outbreaks of nosocomial infection. In other countries, such as India, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, Venezuela, Spain, South Africa, Israel and Colombia, outbreaks of Candida auratus have also been reported.
More and more attention has been paid to Candida auralis because more isolates are multi drug resistant. Fluconazole, which is commonly used in clinic, is helpless and difficult to treat, which can lead to death.
The main virulence of Candida auratus is similar to other Candida species, which can form biofilms and lead to persistent and invasive infections; Candida auratus can colonize in multiple body parts.
The main mechanism of infection is host immunity damage and destruction of protective barrier, including mycosis. The mortality of nosocomial Candida infection ranges from 30% to 60%.
Symptoms and treatment of super fungus infection
symptom:
Most of the infected people have high fever of unknown reason, accompanied by various organ failure, respiratory failure and other manifestations.
However, it should be noted that super fungal infection mainly occurs in patients with long-term use of venous / arterial indwelling catheter, after surgery or immune deficiency, and the general population need not panic too much.
American CDC
Nursing institutions have also been warned that Candida can cause serious complications after entering the bloodstream, usually through wounds, ventilators and catheters, especially for patients in hospitalized and long-term care institutions.
treatment:
Early infection source control is considered to be an important measure to reduce mortality.
At present, the main drugs for the treatment of common Candida are: fluconazole, echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, etc.), amphotericin B.
After the occurrence of Candida in blood culture, MALDI-TOF MS and DNA sequencing are needed to accurately identify whether it is Candida auricular infection.
For invasive fungal diseases, American guidelines currently recommend echinocandin as empirical treatment before obtaining identification results
It is necessary to select appropriate drugs (e.g. echinocandin is not suitable for urinary tract infection) or combination therapy according to the infection site, tissue distribution and drug resistance.
How to prevent super fungi
Key control measures for patients:
1. Isolation of colonization or infection in a single room requires independent bathroom facilities.
2. For patients transferred from infected hospitals or foreign hospitals, isolation measures were taken until the screening results were obtained.
3. Strictly observe the standard precautions, wash hands with flowing water and soap, and then disinfect hands with quick drying hand disinfectant.
4. Personal protective equipment such as gloves and aprons, if there is a risk of contact with the patient's skin or the patient's blood and body fluids, should wear isolation clothing.
5. Personal protective equipment should be worn after hand washing and before entering the room or patient area, and should be taken off and discarded in the patient's room. Before leaving, hands should be washed thoroughly and wiped with quick drying hand disinfectant.
6. Patients and visitors need to master infection prevention measures (brochures can be used), including hand hygiene and how to use aprons.
7. Disposable items such as sphygmomanometer cuff and pillow should be considered, especially during the outbreak.
Terminal disinfection:
1. Once the patient leaves the environment, terminal disinfection should be carried out. All the places that the patient and medical staff may touch should be cleaned before disinfection.
2. If any non-contact disinfection (such as gaseous hydrogen peroxide or ultraviolet) is used, adequate cleaning should be carried out before it.
3. If patients need medical examination or operation, they should be ranked last on the day, and the clean environment is the same as above.
Cleaning and disinfection of equipment:
1. All equipment shall be cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
2. Special attention should be paid to the cleaning and disinfection of reused instruments, such as pulse oximeter, thermometer probe, etc.
Waste and fabric disposal:
1. Attention should be paid to reasonable packaging to avoid environmental pollution by wastes and fabrics.
2. In pediatrics and neonatology, we should pay attention to the correct disposal of used diapers.
3. Do not discard or clean contaminated items in the sink at any time.