How is chest pain? What causes chest pain
4hw.org: chest pain usually happens to us. Sometimes it's just a temporary pain. Many people don't care. So what's chest pain? What's the cause of chest pain? Is chest pain serious? Let's talk about these problems today.
What is chest pain
Although, in our life, there are often many people will have chest pain symptoms. But many people don't know what chest pain is. Therefore, Xiaobian is here to introduce it to you.
1. Chest wall lesions
Chest pain caused by chest wall change is one of the most common types of chest pain, such as trauma of chest wall, bacterial infection, virus infection, tumor and other local skin, muscle, bone and neuropathy. Common acute dermatitis, subcutaneous cellulitis, herpes zoster, painful obesity, myositis and dermatomyositis, epidemic myalgia, cervical pain, costochondritis, bone tumor, intercostal neuritis, nerve root pain, etc.
[common features]
The pain was fixed in the lesion, and there was obvious tenderness in the part; deep breathing, coughing, arm lifting, bending and other actions made the pain of thoracic activity more severe.
2. Lung and pleura diseases
Lung and visceral pleura are not sensitive to pain, pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary abscess, pulmonary infarction, etc., chest pain occurs due to pathological changes involving the parietal layer. Lung cancer can produce chest pain when it invades the bronchus wall and pleura. Spontaneous pneumothorax is caused by sudden sharp pain due to adhesion and tear. Dry pleurisy causes chest pain due to inflammation and friction between visceral and parietal pleura. A large number of pleurothorax and tension pneumothorax can cause chest pain due to the compression of parietal pleura.
[its common characteristics are]
Patients with the disease will be accompanied by dark cough or expectoration. When coughing and deep breathing, chest pain will be aggravated, while other chest wall activities will cause pain.
3. Cardiovascular diseases
Common causes: angina, myocardial infarction and pericarditis. Angina, myocardial infarction, aortic valve disease and cardiomyopathy lead to chest pain due to myocardial ischemia. Pericarditis is caused by the involvement of pericardial wall and adjacent pleura below the level of the 5th rib.
[its common characteristics are]
Most of the pain was in the back of sternum or precordial area, a few of which were under xiphoid process and radiated to the left shoulder.
4. Mediastinal and esophageal diseases
The common causes are acute longitudinal inflammation, mediastinal tumor, mediastinal emphysema, acute esophagitis, esophageal cancer, etc. Mediastinal diseases are caused by the compression of mediastinal tissue, the involvement of nerves or bone, etc. Esophageal diseases are mainly caused by inflammation or chemical stimulants acting on esophageal mucosa.
[its common characteristics are]
The location of chest pain is mainly located in the back of sternum, and presents persistent dull pain and drilling pain. And when swallowing, it can aggravate the pain.
5. Model diaphragm disease
The etiology can be caused by diaphragmatic pleurisy, subphrenic abscess, diaphragmatic hernia, hepatitis, liver abscess, liver cancer, etc. The chest pain caused by diaphragmatic disease is due to the stimulation of phrenic nerve.
Characteristics of chest pain
General pain is located in the thorax and the lower part of the sternum. When the center of diaphragm is stimulated, pain can radiate to shoulder and neck.
III. what are the chest pain tests
1. Markers of myocardial injury
The traditional markers of myocardial injury include CTN, CK-MB, myoglobin and a series of biomolecules which reflect the necrosis of cardiomyocytes. In recent years, a variety of new biomarkers, such as ischemia modifying protein and heart fatty acid binding protein, have been gradually applied in clinic.
2. D-dimer
D-dimer is a soluble degradation product of cross-linked fibrin under the action of fibrinolysis system. It is a specific marker of fibrinolysis process and can be used as a screening index of acute pulmonary embolism. D-dimer & lt; 500ug / l can basically exclude acute pulmonary thromboembolism.
3. electrocardiogram
All patients with chest pain need to have ECG examination, and the first ECG should be completed within 10 minutes. ECG is an important method to diagnose ischemic chest pain.
4. Echocardiography
Echocardiogram is also an important noninvasive examination for the diagnosis of chest pain. If we find the new contradictory movement of the ventricular wall, the free intimal valve in the aorta, the right heart dilation and the left ventricular septum shift in a 'd' shape, etc., it can be helpful for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, aortic dissection and acute pulmonary embolism. For other non fatal chest pain, such as stress cardiomyopathy and pericardial effusion, echocardiography also has important diagnostic value.
5. Cardiac load test
Cardiac stress test includes treadmill exercise test, stress echocardiography, and load myocardial radionuclide perfusion imaging. All kinds of stress tests are helpful for the diagnosis of ischemic chest pain. However, cardiac stress tests should not be selected in the presence of hemodynamic disorders, fatal chest pain, severe aortic stenosis, and obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
6. chest radiograph
Chest film is suitable for screening patients with chest pain of respiratory system origin. The diseases that can be found include pneumonia, mediastinum and lung tumor, lung abscess, pneumothorax, fracture of thoracic vertebra and rib, etc. Changes in the contour of the heart and large blood vessels sometimes indicate aortic dissection, pericardial effusion and other diseases, but lack of specificity.
What are the treatment methods for chest pain
1. Rest in bed and take a free position. If it is caused by pleurisy, lying on the side can reduce the pain.
2. Local hot compress.
3. Oral analgesic drugs: aspirin 0.3-0.6g, three times a day; paracetamol 0.25-0.5g, three times a day, or indomethacin 25mg, three times a day. If 5mg of diazepam is added three times a day, the effect is better.
4. In case of suspected angina pectoris, take 5-10mg of nitroglycerin or Xiaoxintong or 10-14 quick acting Jiuxin pills under the tongue, and then call '120'.
5. If the pain is not relieved after the above emergency treatment, it shall be sent to the hospital for first aid.
V. how to prevent the health care of chest pain
1. Suspected angina attack, immediately take oxygen, rest, and nitroglycerin under the tongue.
2. For chest pain caused by pleurisy or pleura disease, a wide abdominal band can be used to fix the chest wall at the pain point, so as to reduce the movement of the chest during breathing.
3. Go to the hospital immediately for ECG and X-ray examination to confirm the diagnosis, and treat the cause of the disease.
4. Take painkillers properly.
I believe that after reading the above content, you also know how to deal with chest pain and how to prevent it. Therefore, if you don't want to have chest pain, you must add more prevention in your daily life. If chest pain occurs, check and treat it in time.