Many old people are most afraid of illness in their life. It's terrible to have a stroke, because it's hard for them to take care of themselves. What should we do for the old people with a stroke? These first-aid methods must be mastered ~ let's have a look.
To prevent stroke, middle-aged and old people need to do physical examination every year
Expert analysis, there are many causes of stroke, mainly caused by hypertension, diabetes, obesity. The elderly should pay attention to the examination of blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipid, as well as fundus, hemorheology, color Doppler ultrasound of carotid artery, color Doppler ultrasound of heart and brain vessels. Here are a few items.
Blood pressure examination: blood pressure measurement is very important for the elderly. Hypertension is a variety of predisposing factors. Blood pressure is often at its peak, which is prone to cerebrovascular accidents. High blood pressure usually does not have too obvious symptom, sometimes can show for: headache, dizziness, blurred vision and so on. If not treated in time, it can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and other diseases.
Hemorheology examination: regular Hemorheology examination can prevent or early detect and early treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is used to monitor the risk factors of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, thrombosis, etc.
Carotid ultrasound: this examination is to find the pathological changes of the carotid wall and determine the degree of carotid atherosclerosis and carotid stenosis by means of ultrasound. Because the application of ultrasound technology is simple and repeatable without wound, it is the key project for you to check arteriosclerosis. All the factors that cause cerebral artery disease can be the cause of stroke. Therefore, you need to pay special attention to this check.
The old man asked for help
If the disease is urgent and serious, and you can't make a call, move the phone, and use the "busy tone" to attract the attention of your family. The key is to convey the information of your critical condition. People who find cerebral hemorrhage at the first time should keep calm. On the one hand, they should call 120 immediately. On the other hand, they should do a good job of pre hospital emergency work for the patients. Immediately lay the patient on his back with his head to one side to prevent suffocation caused by inhalation of sputum and vomit into the trachea. Quickly loosen the collar and belt of the patient, keep the indoor air circulation, keep warm when it's cold and cool when it's hot. If the patient is comatose and snores strongly, it means that the base of his tongue has fallen. Wrap the patient's tongue with a handkerchief or gauze and pull it out gently. Cold towel can be used to cover the head of patients, because the blood vessels contract when they are cold, the amount of bleeding can be reduced. Patients with fecal incontinence should be treated on the spot. Do not move the patient's body at will to prevent the aggravation of cerebral hemorrhage. On the way to the hospital when the patient's condition is stable, the vehicle should be driven as smoothly as possible to reduce turbulence and vibration. At the same time, the patient's head should be raised slightly to maintain a 20 degree angle with the ground, and pay attention to the change of the condition at any time.
Family first aid for stroke
1. Don't panic if the patient is found to be ill, keep calm, let the patient lie on the bed, and contact the emergency center of the hospital as soon as possible.
2. There are two kinds of apoplexy: blood and ischemia. Do not use the medicine by yourself when the diagnosis is not clear.
3. Master correct handling methods.
First of all, do not rush to lift the patient from the ground. It is better for 2-3 people to hold the patient flat on the bed at the same time, with the head slightly raised to avoid vibration.
Secondly, loosen the collar of the patient, take out the denture, and turn the head to one side when vomiting, so as to avoid suffocation or aspiration caused by vomit blocking the respiratory tract. For patients with convulsions, towel or chopsticks should be used between the upper and lower teeth to prevent the tongue from biting. If the patient has symptoms such as shortness of breath and phlegm in the throat, insert the plastic tube or rubber tube into the throat, and suck out the sputum with the mouth at the other end.
4. Try to move patients as little as possible when they are transported to the hospital. When they are transferred, use a stretcher to lift them. If they are lifted from upstairs, they should face up and feet down. On the way to the hospital, they can gently hold their heads with both hands to avoid head turbulence and aggravation.
5. Pay attention to comfort the patient, relieve the patient's tension, do not cry or call the patient loudly, to avoid causing pressure to the patient.
I. hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia refers to the hyperactivity of sympathetic nerve and brain dysfunction caused by the concentration of blood glucose lower than a certain level. Severe cases can be comatose. The patient first had hunger, fatigue, numbness of limbs, emotional uneasiness, pale face, dizziness, vomiting, panic, chest tightness, etc. In severe cases, the skin is wet and cold, the vomiting is not clear, the attention is not focused, sometimes there are convulsions, convulsions, unconsciousness, incontinence, coma, etc.
2. Hypoglycemia can be divided into two types
1. Adrenergic symptoms include sweating, nervousness, tremor, weakness, vertigo, palpitation, and hunger, which are attributed to increased sympathetic activity and increased adrenaline release (which may occur in adrenalectomy patients).
2. The manifestations of central nervous system include confusion of consciousness, abnormal behavior (may be mistaken for drunkenness), visual impairment, stupor, coma and epilepsy. Hypoglycemia coma often has hypothermia. The rate of hypoglycemia caused by sympathetic symptoms is faster than that caused by central nervous symptoms, but the degree of hypoglycemia is light. No matter which type, there are obvious individual differences in blood glucose level.
III. first aid measures for hypoglycemia
1. Absolute bed rest and rapid glucose supplementation are the key to the prognosis. Timely supplement of sugar will completely relieve the symptoms, while delayed treatment will lead to irreversible brain damage. Therefore, it should be emphasized that at the time of hypoglycemia, any substance with higher sugar content, such as biscuits, juice, etc., should be given immediately. Severe patients should pay attention to the inhalation pneumonia or atelectasis caused by food inhalation.
2. For hypoglycemia patients who can eat by themselves, their diet should be low in sugar, high in protein, high in fat, less in food and more in meals. If necessary, they should drink sugar once at midnight.
3. Intravenous injection of 40-60ml 50% glucose is the most common and effective way to rescue hypoglycemia. If the disease is not serious and the brain function is seriously damaged by water supply, the symptoms can be relieved quickly and the mind can be immediately awake.
4. Patients with conditions should immediately use a blood glucose meter to measure the blood glucose. If the blood glucose is less than 3.8 mmol / L, they should quickly add carbohydrate containing food, such as half a cup of sweet juice, half a cup of sugar water, 1 tablespoon of honey, 3-5 biscuits, 3-4 pieces of sugar, 2-3 pieces of candy, etc. After 10-15 minutes, if the symptoms haven't disappeared, you can take it again.
If the symptom is eliminated, but there is more than 1 hour left before the next meal, add a staple food, such as 1 piece of bread, 1 steamed bread, 3 to 5 biscuits, etc. In case of unconsciousness or sudden coma, the family members shall send the patient to the hospital as soon as possible.
Extended reading: what to eat with hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia is the opposite of diabetes. Although it doesn't say a word at ordinary times, it will make you uncomfortable once it happens. Proper diet is the key to maintain normal blood glucose concentration. What's good about hypoglycemia? Here's what you can learn.
1. Beancurd with shrimp skin. Can often eat, this product for high protein diet, to prevent hypoglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
Ingredients: 250g beancurd, 20g shrimp skin, one clove garlic, sesame oil, ginger, refined salt and monosodium glutamate.
Production: add wine to shrimp skin, soak in water and boil, tear beancurd into thin strips after cold hair. Heat the oil, saute garlic and ginger, add beancurd and shrimp skin (with sauce), boil for seasoning, then simmer for 20 minutes, pour sesame oil on it.
2. West Lake Beef Soup. Once or twice a week, it can nourish the spleen and stomach, strengthen the muscles and bones, and treat hypoglycemia.
Ingredients: 200g beef leg meat, 2 eggs, yellow wine, onion and ginger, soy sauce, sesame oil, pepper, salt and monosodium glutamate.
Production: cut the beef into small pieces, add a little wine, soy sauce, pepper and cornflour to mix. Add some water and ginger to boil and mix. Mix the minced beef into the mixture. Pour in the beaten egg mixture. Season the mixture with a thin sauce. Sprinkle with chopped green onion and sprinkle with sesame oil.
3. Fried sparrow. Once a week, it mainly treats dizziness caused by hypoglycemia and cold and soft waist acid.
Ingredients: 10 sparrows, a little five spice powder, yellow wine, ginger slices, soy sauce, monosodium glutamate.
Production: sparrow hair, viscera cleaning, plus wine, soy sauce, five flavor powder, monosodium glutamate, half an hour after the stain roll on dry meal. When the vegetable oil is 60% hot, stir in ginger slices and put in sparrow.