4hw.com.cn: we often hear people say that type O blood is universal blood. The blood in the blood bank is insufficient. When it's in an emergency, it can be used for standby. Is it true?
The key to distinguish blood group is antigen
On the surface of our human red blood cells, there is a special protein, which is called 'antigen'. Some of the antigens on the surface of human red blood cells belong to a antigen, some belong to B antigen; those with a antigen belong to a blood, those with B antigen belong to B blood, and those with both belong to AB blood, and those without both antigens belong to O blood.
Hemolytic reaction also occurs because 'antigen' does not deal with
When a person with type a blood is transfused with type B blood, it will cause 'hemolytic reaction'. This is because there is no antigen of type B blood in the body of type a blood, the body immune system of type a blood will recognize the 'type B blood' cells as the sneaking enemies, thus launching an attack.
The attacked red blood cells break down and are broken down. This kind of reaction often occurs in the early stage of blood transfusion. Generally, cold shivering, flushing, dyspnea, hypotension and other problems can occur after 10ml of input. Serious hemolytic reaction can cause death of body tissues and endanger the life of patients.
Type O blood is universal blood. Can you transfuse it at will?
In this case, for O-type blood with neither a nor B antigens on the surface of red blood cells, is it not a threat to A-type blood and B-type blood people, and can they be transfused at will?
In fact, due to the absence of a and B antigens on the O-type red blood cells, they can indeed infuse a small amount of a, B and AB blood to people without blood source. However, the blood is not only composed of red blood cells. The plasma of type O blood contains anticoagulant A and anticoagulant B. if the preparation of red blood cells containing type O plasma is imported into the body of type A, B and ab patients, it will cause adverse reactions of immune hemolytic blood transfusion in different degrees. Therefore, at present, the hospital will import the same blood type.
As long as ABO blood type is the same, can blood transfusion be done?
Our blood system is not only ABO, but also RH, MNS, P and so on. In order to ensure that the blood will not have hemolytic reaction after input, before blood transfusion, a 'cross matching' experiment will be carried out to see whether your blood and the blood of the donor will have agglutination reaction, and only when there is no agglutination reaction can blood transfusion be carried out.