Four seas network: to high blood pressure, I think you will not be unfamiliar, high blood pressure is one of the most common diseases in modern families, endangering people's health. Hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by increased systemic arterial pressure, which is the most common cardiovascular disease. Long term hypertension can affect the function of heart, brain, kidney and other organs, and eventually lead to the failure of these organs.
Causes of hypertension:
Hypertension can be divided into two categories: primary and secondary. In the vast majority of patients, the cause of hypertension is unknown, which is called primary hypertension, accounting for about 90% - 95% of the total hypertension; in 5% - 10% of patients, the rise of blood pressure is a clinical manifestation of some diseases, which has a clear and independent cause. The rise of blood pressure can be temporary or permanent, which is called secondary hypertension, also known as symptomatic hypertension.
How is hypertension caused? What are the causes of hypertension
The causes of essential hypertension
1. Heredity: hypertension is a disease with genetic factors. According to clinical investigation and analysis, nearly 33% of hypertension patients are caused by genetic causes. If there is both family history and bad habits, it is more likely to induce hypertension.
2. age: the incidence rate increased with age, and the incidence rate was higher in people over 40 years old. Usually older people are the high-risk group of hypertension, which is a common phenomenon in clinical. In general, older people are at greater risk of developing high blood pressure. Many middle-aged and old people are very vulnerable to hypertension, which shows that this is a factor closely related to the incidence of hypertension.
3. Gender: from adolescence, male blood pressure tends to a higher average level. This difference is most obvious among young and middle-aged people. After middle age, the change of the incidence of hypertension in women is partly due to the high premature mortality rate of middle-aged hypertensive men.
4. weight: obese people have a high incidence rate, most of them have higher fat. The obesity of human body can increase the content of fat, which will cause a great burden on the body itself, and the increase of weight will cause a greater load on the heart, and the increase of blood volume will also lead to the increase of resistance of blood vessels. Therefore, obesity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
5. salt: intake of salt, hypertension incidence rate is high, 20g/ incidence rate is 30%. Therefore, excessive salt intake is also one of the factors leading to high blood pressure. In addition, low potassium and calcium intake and insufficient intake of high-quality protein are also considered to be one of the factors that can increase blood pressure.
6. Mental stimulation: This is one of the important reasons why the elderly in rural areas suffer from more hypertension than those in urban areas. Noise pollution is rare in rural areas, and the life of farmers is very simple and free. They don't have the pressure to live in a big city, so they are more relaxed mentally and have less chance of high blood pressure. And people with mental labor are more likely to have high blood pressure than those with physical labor. Mental pressure, the body's catecholamine secretion increased, they will cause vasoconstriction, increased heart load, lead to high blood pressure. Therefore, we should learn to relax ourselves and choose a quieter environment in the house.
7. Smoking: smoking is the inducing factor of many diseases, one of which is hypertension. Long term smoking can cause the continuous contraction of arterioles, form arteriosclerosis, and cause the rise of blood pressure. According to the test: after smoking two cigarettes for 10 minutes, due to the increased secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline, the heart rate is accelerated, and the systolic and diastolic pressures are increased. Smokers are prone to malignant hypertension, and nicotine in tobacco affects the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs, which is not conducive to the treatment of hypertension.
8. alcohol consumption: there was a dose-response relationship between excessive alcohol consumption and blood pressure. With the increase of drinking volume, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure also gradually increased, and the incidence rate of hypertension increased in the long run. Drinking too much can also lead to a risk of stroke. Our country's hypertension prevention and control guidelines suggest that men should drink no more than 30mg (about 12 spirits) per day and women should drink no more than 20mg.
9. Contraceptives: the incidence and degree of blood pressure rise in women taking contraceptives are related to the duration of taking contraceptives. Blood pressure is easy to rise above 35 years old. The hypertension caused by oral contraceptive is usually mild and reversible, and the blood pressure often returns to normal 3-6 months after the termination of contraceptive.
10. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS): refers to repeated episodes of apnea during sleep. OSAS is often accompanied by severe snoring. The main causes of OSAS are muscle contraction or stenosis of the upper respiratory tract and pharynx, hyperplasia of adenoids and tonsils, fat infiltration of the root of the tongue and hypopharyngeal deformity. 50% of OSAS patients have hypertension. The height of blood pressure is related to the course of OSAS.
Causes of secondary hypertension
1. Kidney disease: glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, congenital renal disease, secondary renal disease, renal artery stenosis, renal tumor.
2. Endocrine diseases: corticosteronism, pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, adrenal allergy syndrome, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, anterior pituitary dysfunction, menopausal syndrome.
3. Cardiovascular diseases: aortic valve insufficiency, complete atrioventricular block, coarctation of aorta, and polyarteritis.
4. Brain disease: brain tumor, brain injury, brain stem infection.
5. Others: pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome, polycythemia, drugs including glucocorticoids, sympathetic drugs, licorice, etc.
Tips for preventing high blood pressure
1. Keep the mood comfortable and avoid great happiness and sorrow.
2. Life should be regular, combining work with rest.
3. The diet should be supplemented with nutrition, avoid excessive eating, and focus on less salt and light.
4. Insist on exercise and take part in sports properly.
5. Stick to medication, quit smoking and drink less.
6. Listen to beautiful music and keep your brain relaxed.