What are the precautions for outdoor travel in summer
4hw.com.cn: many friends like to go out in summer. Although the weather is hot, they can't resist the heart of going out. However, the weather is changeable in summer. The high temperature, hot summer or sudden rainstorm are uncontrollable factors. What are the precautions for summer travel? Let's have a look.
1. Drinking water
In summer, outdoor sports sweat a lot, so we must replenish water in time, but if the way of drinking water is not right, it will cause bad consequences. Many of the models in the beverage advertisements, when they are in sports or at rest, tend to pick up a bottle of beverage and drink it all at once, which looks very thirsty. In fact, from the perspective of sports physiology, it is very harmful. Drinking a lot of water during and after exercise will increase the burden on the blood circulation system, digestive system, especially the heart, and cause more fatigue. The result of drinking a lot of water is only sweating more, leading to further loss of salt, causing spasms and cramps.
Countermeasures: drink a small amount of water for many times. Drink only a few water each time. Drink more frequently. Do not rely on the feeling of thirst as the basis for replenishing water. When you are not thirsty, replenish water to make water balanced. Do not drink a lot of water at a time, but not control the water supplement. If the water loss is not supplemented, serious renal failure will be caused.
Generally speaking, the activity of a day (5-8 hours) in summer requires at least 2-3 liters of drinking water, and even 6 liters of water under high temperature. Recommended carrying capacity: more than 4 bottles of 600ml bottled water, more than 1 sports drink (grapevine or Gatorade) of 550ml, and 50g mustard tuber. You can also make your own sports drinks, formula: green tea or black tea (2 packets in bags), fruit and other fruit flavored powdered beverages, glucose and a little salt (optional, medical physiological salt is the best).
2. Sunscreen
In summer, when crossing the coastline or climbing mountains, the sun is very strong, so you must pay attention to sun protection. Generally speaking, the team starts in the morning, and it's almost noon when it arrives at the starting place. The team doesn't have a long time to advance, it's already noon. At this time, the temperature is the highest and the sun is scorching. The ultraviolet rays in the sun are particularly strong. If the skin is exposed to the hot sun for a long time, it will cause 1-2 degree burns and heat stroke.
Ultraviolet rays can also radiate to the meninges and retinas through the skin and bones, causing brain and eyeball damage.
Countermeasures: try to avoid the fire belt on the coastline and ridge in high temperature weather. To participate in the general activities, you must bring a sun hat, sunglasses, sunscreen, towel, long sleeve jacket, and ten drops of water, Ren Dan, Huoxiang Zhengqi pill, cool oil and other heatstroke drugs.
3. Cold drink
It's a great pleasure to take part in outdoor activities in summer, if you have iced drinks to eat, but you can't eat a lot of cold drinks immediately during or after the activity. Cold drinks not only reduce the temperature of the stomach, but also dilute the gastric juice, so that the physiological function of the stomach is damaged, light causes dyspepsia, diarrhea, etc., heavy causes acute gastritis.
Countermeasures: a small amount of cold drinks is good for cooling, but not excessive, and should be treated according to the specific situation. We need to drink a small amount of frozen drinks before departure. After the activity, you should wait for the body temperature to drop down greatly before drinking frozen drinks or beer.
4. Fever (heat exhaustion, heatstroke)
Taking part in outdoor sports in summer, because of the high temperature and large amount of exercise, the heat accumulated in the body is more than the heat emitted. If you don't pay attention to prevention, it is easy to have a fever. The slight one is heat exhaustion, and the serious one is heat stroke (heat stroke). In the hot weather, in order to lower the body temperature, the blood vessels of the skin will expand, and a lot of perspiration will lead to the occurrence of water loss. The blood circulating to the brain and other important parts will be reduced to an abnormal level. As a result, the following symptoms will occur: pulse acceleration, cold and wet skin, dizziness, weakness, nausea, which is heat failure. If you don't deal with the cooling in time, and the temperature in your body further accumulates, which makes the temperature of your body's key organs rise to a dangerous level, you will have emergency symptoms: extremely fast pulse, weakness, headache, change of mental state (consciousness is fuzzy or unable to cooperate, and you will fall into coma slowly), hot skin and flush, which means that heatstroke has occurred, if you don't deal with it in time, you will have a life Life is in danger.
Countermeasures: in order to protect the sun and prevent the body from being pulled by the grass and thorns, we need to wear hats and long pants in the March, but this brings the problem of heat dissipation. In order to help the body temperature, when walking in the sun, you can soak the hat with water; when walking in the place where the sun can't shine, you can remove the hat; when resting, you should try to put down your backpack and unbutton the collar of your coat; the best place to rest is the place where the sun can't reach and ventilate.
Pay attention to the rhythm during the journey. It is not allowed to walk for more than one hour at a time. In case of high temperature, take a rest for about 30 minutes. Take a rest for 5 to 15 minutes according to the specific situation, so as to avoid heatstroke caused by too fast pulse, too high temperature and a large amount of perspiration. In addition, water, salt and electrolyte must be replenished along the way, and sunstroke medicines must be taken.
If muscle cramps occur, immediately find a place to rest, massage in the cramped area, slowly stretch the muscle in the cramped area, and the most important thing is to supplement water and electrolyte in time.
When heat failure occurs, you must immediately rest. It is better to find a cool place, raise the feet of the patient, lower the head slightly, immediately supplement the water, electrolyte and liquid things, and take ten drops of water, human pill, Huoxiang Zhengqi pill and other heatstroke prevention drugs.
When a hot stroke (heatstroke) occurs, it must be dealt with immediately. Patients may not be able to cooperate because of their vague consciousness. They must be held in a cool place and cooled by steam. The water should be evenly sprinkled on the body and head of the patients, and the air should be constantly blown. (it is better to have ice, wrap it with a towel and put it on the head and body to cool down). When the body temperature returns to normal, there is no need to cool down. However, we should continue to observe the temperature and physical condition of the patient, because the temperature may rise again and need to be cooled again. If the patient's vomiting reflex ability and swallowing ability are no problem, you can give the patient cold liquid object, supplement water, electrolyte and liquid things, take ten drops of water, human pill, Huoxiang Zhengqi pill and other heatstroke drugs.
Generally speaking, most of the patients with heat failure can basically continue to complete the follow-up activities after they return to normal after treatment. Severe heatstroke patients, unless the recovery is good, it is recommended to find someone to accompany the patient out of the activity.
5. Clothes
Summer outdoor sports sweat a lot, clothes soon soaked, many people arrive at the destination, often let the clothes wet, trying to dry the clothes by their own temperature. It is extremely harmful to do so. In the long run, it will cause diseases such as rheumatism or arthritis. Countermeasures: before taking part in the activity, bring a set of ready to change dry clothes (especially a coat) and a coat in the backpack. When you arrive at the destination, immediately change the wet clothes. During the rest on the way of activity, in the case of strong wind, if the rest time is long, you should put on your coat in time, otherwise the wind will take a lot of heat away from your body, and people's body will be cold and hot alternately, which is easy to cause illness
For the convenience of sweat volatilization and heat dissipation, it's better to buy fast drying clothes with chemical fiber ingredients for outerwear for outdoor activities, fast drying clothes with UV protection for the best, and the trouser legs can be disassembled.
6. Febrile cold
In summer, when you exercise in the high temperature, the internal heat production of the human body is fast, and the capillaries of the skin expand a lot, which is conducive to the body's heat dissipation. If encountering supercooling stimulation, it will suddenly close the pores that have been opened on the body surface, cause the dysfunction of internal organs and brain temperature regulation, and lead to illness. Usually, a 'hot cold' will occur, that is, a cold in summer, and even lead to more serious diseases.
Countermeasures: in summer, if there is mountain spring water, stream, pond, etc. or by the sea, don't jump down to take a cool bath immediately for a while. Even if the activity is over, after arriving at the destination, you should wait for the body temperature to drop before taking a cold bath. After the activity, if you return to an air-conditioned car or in an air-conditioned room, you must not turn on the air conditioner to blow directly at your body. It is better to turn on the windows to cool down with natural wind, and turn on the air conditioner after the body temperature drops.