What are the nursing methods for the elderly
4hw.com.cn: a small house in Anchang Road, Fucheng District, Mianyang City, is showing a scene of "a group of old people coax an old man" every day. This group of old people are six brothers and sisters, serving their 92 year old mother. Their old mother, suffering from hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and other diseases, was diagnosed with Alzheimer's a few years ago. Six children take turns to take care of her 24 hours a day. They eat, take medicine, measure blood sugar, and give insulin & hellip; & hellip; they write down their mother's daily diet and medication. In the past 16 years, these nursing diaries, with more than 300000 words and 46 copies, have recorded the mother's growing old day by day and the filial piety and love of a family. 300000 words of nursing diary is really touching. We need to know about the nursing methods for the elderly, so what are the specific methods? Here is a brief introduction.
Factors of family rest environment
Temperature. Maintaining a suitable indoor temperature not only makes the elderly feel comfortable and stable, but also is conducive to metabolism and disease prevention. The indoor temperature is suitable for 18-deg; ~ 20-Deg; C, and higher in summer (22-deg; ~ 24-deg; c), so as to reduce the indoor and outdoor temperature difference. If the room temperature is too low, the old people will catch cold easily; if the room temperature is too high, it will make people tired and depressed. It should be pointed out that for the elderly with chronic respiratory diseases, the room temperature is too high, which is easy to make the elderly feel sultry, dyspnea and dyspnea. Cool room temperature and circulating air will make it easy for the elderly to exchange gases, improve blood oxygen concentration and improve breathing.
Humidity. Generally speaking, it refers to the content of water in the air. The air humidity is large, the evaporation effect of human body is weak, the perspiration is restrained, people feel moist and stuffy, and the old people with incomplete heart function will feel suffocating. Due to the decrease of evaporation of skin and respiratory water, the amount of micturition increased, and the burden of kidney was increased. And the air is too dry, the human body will evaporate a lot of water, causing dry skin, dry mouth, sore throat and other discomfort. For the elderly with respiratory diseases, dry air makes the mucous membrane of respiratory tract dry, and sputum is not easy to cough up, which increases the chance of pulmonary infection and aggravates the condition. The best indoor humidity should be 50% - 60%. Suitable humidity will make people feel fresh and comfortable. In recent years, air humidifier into the home, which is a good way. Local methods to increase humidity are also effective, such as sprinkling water on the ground, putting water tanks on the heating, or putting wet towels. It is suggested that you buy a hygrometer to control the temperature and humidity scientifically so as to serve your health.
Ventilation. A patient suffering from cor pulmonale and respiratory failure must put the bed in the center of the air circulation room to feel the laborless breathing. Similarly, fresh air is particularly important for elderly patients. Get up in the morning, open windows for ventilation, exhaust the indoor exhaust gas, and let the fresh air in. General bedroom window 20 ~ 30 minutes, indoor air can be updated once. For the elderly with weak body, they can temporarily go to other rooms when ventilating to avoid the stimulation of cold air, so as to keep the indoor air fresh and not catch cold.
Noise. Research shows that when the noise is 50-60 decibels, the general people will have a sense of noise. Most of the noise in the family is caused by loud noise and loud sound volume. The general old people like quiet. For the old people with heart disease, quiet is a treatment method. In the family, create a quiet and elegant environment, which is conducive to the rest of the old people.
Lighting. The room where the elderly live, the best is a room with good lighting, indoor sunlight is particularly important for the elderly. Sunlight, infrared ray absorbed by skin, deep tissue affected by warm heat, blood vessel expansion, blood flow acceleration, improve the nutritional status of skin tissue, give people a comfortable feeling. If you open the glass window to let the sunlight directly shine in the room, the ultraviolet light in the sunlight has the function of disinfection and sterilization.
Bed. Old people should choose hard bed, in order to sleep on the bed mattress does not sink. The height of the bed should be under the knee, equal to the length of the lower leg, too high and too low will make the elderly feel inconvenient and increase the chance of falling.
Home morning and evening care
Exercise in bed. Wake up in the morning, do not rush to get up, lie in bed for more than ten minutes, and do necessary bed exercises; stretch limbs; rub each other with both hands, and move knuckles; then do 'dry wash' 20-30 times. These actions enable the elderly to adapt to the physiological changes from sleep to awakening, so that the body has a relatively transitional stage, not to fall down due to sudden wake-up dizziness, but also to gradually change the frequency of breathing and heartbeat, to avoid the recurrence of heart disease.
Toilet movement. Brushing teeth, gargling, washing face and combing hair is also a very beneficial exercise for the elderly. In the process of brushing teeth, the upper limbs are moved, which should be carried out carefully. Coughing exercise should be carried out after mouthwash to cough up the sputum in the respiratory tract. When there is no phlegm, the cough itself (even if there is a few dry coughs) is conducive to the expansion of the alveoli and reduces the chance of pulmonary infection. When you wash your face, you can massage your face and increase the blood circulation of your face. On the one hand, combing can increase the blood circulation of the scalp, improve the nutrition of the scalp and prevent hair loss; on the other hand, combing also exercises the lifting action of the upper limbs. It is very beneficial for the health of the elderly to comb their hair 100 times a day in the morning and evening with blunt wood comb and alternate hands.
outdoor sport. Proper outdoor exercise, walking, jogging, doing exercises and practicing all kinds of boxing are the means for the elderly to enhance their quality and resistance. Morning sports also laid the foundation for a day's life and work.
Wash at night. In addition to repeating a set of activities in the bathroom in the morning, the elderly who have the conditions can take a bath before going to bed, which can expand the blood vessels of the whole body, relax the muscles and reduce the blood supply of the head, which is conducive to sleep. For most of the elderly people who are inconvenient or do not have bath conditions, it is also very beneficial to promote health and sleep to bubble their feet with warm water. The elderly family should prepare a plastic bucket with warm hot water to the knee and soak it for 15-20 minutes before going to bed. For those who can exercise, it is better to rub the lower limbs with both hands. The blood vessels of the lower limbs expand, the muscles relax and the blood circulation of the whole body accelerates, which can relieve fatigue. That warm, relaxed feeling can promote rest and sleep.