China Association for science and technology released the list of top ten 'science' rumors in 2019! (17) the China Association for science and technology held a 'classic Praise & middot' in Beijing; In the "2019 popular science China" activity, a number of selection results in the field of science and technology were released at the event site, and the list of the most concerned top ten "science" rumors in 2019 was also freshly released. The top ten scientific rumors on this list are:
1. 5g base station radiation will have a great impact on human body
Rumor content: an Internet celebrity claimed that the density of 5g base station is extremely high. Because it is millimeter wave and has high vibration frequency, it may resonate with some vibration frequencies of water molecules and oxygen molecules. According to his physical knowledge, 5g base station is very harmful to human body.
Rumor content: first, radiation is a way of energy transmission. The earth itself is a large magnetic field. Lightning and thunder in nature and sunspot activities will produce electromagnetic radiation, which is accompanied by the whole process of life generation and evolution. In daily life, radio stations, microwave ovens, induction ovens, computers, televisions and hair dryers are the emission sources of electromagnetic waves. It can be said that electric field radiation has been an inseparable part of people's life. Secondly, the electromagnetic radiation energy of mobile phones and base stations is small, which can not break the DNA strand. It belongs to non ionizing radiation, which is completely different from ionizing radiation such as X-ray and nuclear radiation. It is mainly thermal effect. Moreover, modern wireless communication technologies adopt uplink and downlink power intelligent control technology, so the more communication base stations, the better the effect of mobile phone calls, and the smaller the electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones and base stations. Finally, according to the requirements of national standards, the electromagnetic radiation of communication base stations needs to be less than 40 MW / cm2. During the actual implementation, the operator will take into account the superposition of wireless communication signals of different systems, and the project construction will be controlled within 8 MW / cm2.
2. China's high-speed rail radiation is serious, 'taking high-speed rail = taking x-rays'
Rumor content: there has been a serious radiation problem since the birth of domestic high-speed rail. Sitting on high-speed rail is equivalent to taking x-rays. The greatest harm to people is to destroy the female reproductive system.
Rumor refutation: the power used by trains running on China's high-speed railway is generally 25000 volts and 50 Hz AC. The electromagnetic radiation generated by the high-voltage power equipment of the high-speed railway belongs to 'extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation'. The energy is small and will not break the DNA strand. It belongs to non ionizing radiation, which is completely different from the ionizing radiation of X-ray in the hospital. Therefore, the statement that 'taking high-speed rail = taking x-rays' is purely misleading. Where there is electricity, there is radiation. Ordinary trains and subways have radiation. Mobile phones and razors have radiation. Sunlight also has radiation. As long as the radiation is within a safe value, it will not affect people. The International Commission on non ionizing radiation protection stipulates that the safety standard for magnetic field radiation generated by high-speed rail is less than 100 micro Tesla (magnetic induction unit), and the safety standard for electric field radiation is less than 5kV / m. Professionals from Beijing Railway Bureau have specially measured the electric field radiation in high-speed railway carriages and disclosed the measured data. The electric field radiation values of first-class carriages, second-class carriages, carriage connections, cabs and other positions of different models are distributed in the range of 0.011-0.021 kV / m. Compared with these data, it is not difficult to find that the electromagnetic radiation of China's high-speed railway is far lower than international standards, and it is impossible to cause harm to human body.
3. Death due to long-term use of antihypertensive drugs
Rumor content: more than half of patients with hypertension die of renal failure and heart failure, which is closely related to the long-term use of antihypertensive western medicine. Western medicine will make patients have strong drug dependence, while drug 'toxicity' will destroy the heart, brain and kidney, and bring side effects such as dizziness, nausea, panic, asthma and edema.
Rumor refuting content: hypertension is a common disease. If it is not effectively treated for a long time, it will lead to the injury or failure of the body's target organs, such as heart failure, kidney failure, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, etc., and eventually cause the patient's death. The purpose of taking antihypertensive drugs is to avoid damage to target organs, so it will not cause death. Secondly, due to the individual differences of patients, a small number of antihypertensive drugs do cause physical discomfort to a small number of people, such as dizziness, nausea and local edema, but the above side effects can be basically solved through the adjustment of drugs. In addition, it is scientifically confirmed that antihypertensive drugs are basically not addictive and will not make patients have strong drug dependence.
4. Electronic cigarette is non-toxic and harmless. It is a sharp weapon to quit smoking
Rumor content: e-cigarettes can replace traditional cigarettes. Their products are 'healthy and pollution-free', have the effects of 'no second-hand smoke', 'eliminate carcinogens such as tar' and 'help quit smoking', and are worthy of promotion.
Rumor refutation: Although e-cigarettes do not contain tar and do less harm than traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes contain nicotine harmful to health. In addition, the main component leading to smoking addiction is nicotine. Nicotine in e-cigarettes can also be addictive. The nicotine content of some e-cigarettes even exceeds that of traditional cigarettes, so smoking e-cigarettes can not help smokers quit smoking effectively.
5. Hunger can 'starve' tumors and delay aging
Rumor content: it is rumored that when human cells are hungry, they can eat useless or harmful substances in their body to provide energy for their survival. Therefore, eating vegetarian or eating less can activate 'cell autophagy', which can delay aging and prolong life.
Rumor content: it is not advisable to reduce the risk of cancer by eating less and being vegetarian. The study found that the incidence of cancer in malnourished people is higher, and the incidence of malnutrition in tumor patients is significantly higher than that of other benign diseases. If tumor patients suffer from combined malnutrition, their immunity will be further reduced, which is not conducive to the treatment and rehabilitation of the disease. In addition, 'cell hunger' does not mean hunger as we understand it in our daily life, nor does fasting and valley breaking mean autophagy in medical research. At this stage, autophagy research is still quite far from clinical application, and the relationship between autophagy and anti-tumor and aging is not clear. Light fasting, ketogenic diet and gluten free diet, which are popular dietary concepts in recent years, were originally medical treatment methods for specific populations (obesity, childhood epilepsy, clear gluten allergy, etc.), and medical professionals are required to evaluate and monitor before and after implementation to ensure the safety of patients.
6. Pregnant women should not be vaccinated against influenza
Rumor content: pregnant women vaccinated with influenza vaccine will make pregnant women infected with influenza virus, aggravate pregnancy reaction, affect fetal health, and even lead to fetal malformation.
Rumor refuting content: influenza is high in winter and spring. Some people who are weak and weak are particularly vulnerable to influenza virus, and influenza vaccination is an effective way to resist and prevent influenza. Compared with the general population, pregnant women are less resistant and more vulnerable to influenza virus. A large number of studies have shown that during the influenza pandemic, pregnant women have a significantly increased risk of hospitalization, ICU admission and death due to influenza infection. The study also shows that pregnant women suffering from influenza can affect fetuses and newborns, such as stillbirth, premature birth and low birth weight. Therefore, it is necessary for pregnant women to be vaccinated with influenza vaccine, and pregnant women can be vaccinated with influenza vaccine at any stage of pregnancy.
However, pregnant women should note that it is possible to vaccinate with inactivated vaccine during pregnancy, but non inactivated vaccine should be prohibited. Non inactivated vaccine is a live vaccine or attenuated live vaccine made by artificial directed mutation or screening live microorganisms with weakened virulence or basically non-toxic from nature. This kind of vaccine has the potential risk of infecting the fetus. In addition, it should also be noted that people who are allergic to eggs or any component of the vaccine should not be vaccinated with influenza vaccine; For patients with mild to moderate acute diseases with or without fever symptoms, vaccination is recommended after the symptoms subside; Pregnant women who have suffered from Guillain Barre syndrome should consult their doctors before deciding whether to vaccinate.
7. Depression is either a disease or too hypocritical
Rumor content: according to media reports, a 20-year-old girl suffering from depression sent a microblog saying, 'I had a long illness and this is the last suicide'. Many people think that depression is too pretentious, which is caused by being unable to think about it for a moment, or by not being strong enough.
Rumor refuting content: depression is a common mental disease in today's society. Its typical symptoms are persistent depression, difficulty in concentrating, memory loss and insomnia, which may lead to suicide. Depression will affect patients in different degrees in study, work, life and social communication. Patients themselves cannot control pain through willpower. Therefore, we should not blame or question patients with depression. We should strengthen the dissemination of depression and its treatment, treat depression correctly and care about the group of patients with depression.
8. Low salt diet is unhealthy
Rumor content: gastric acid is produced with salt as raw material. Salt can promote digestion. Low salt will cause digestion problems. At the same time, low salt diet may lead to gluten allergy. In addition, some people abroad died of heatstroke in extremely hot weather because of low salt diet.
Rumor refutation content: the main component of gastric acid is hydrochloric acid, and the main component of salt is sodium chloride. It is not only an important condiment, but also an indispensable material to maintain normal metabolism of human body. It regulates the balanced distribution of water in the human body, maintains the balance of pH in the body and the normal circulation of body fluid, and also participates in the formation of gastric acid and promotes the secretion of digestive juice. There can be no salt in the human body, but a small amount of salt can meet the needs of the body, and the 'invisible salt' in life is everywhere, such as milk, meat, biscuits, bread, noodles and other sodium content is not low. Therefore, even people with light taste may have excessive sodium intake. Even if they don't eat salt, other foods containing chlorine will still produce gastric acid after intake. Generally, adults can maintain their basic physiological needs by consuming 3 grams of salt every day. Excessive intake of salt will cause many health problems, such as hypertension, osteoporosis and even gastric cancer. At present, the recommended daily salt intake for adults is about 5 to 6 grams, while the actual research shows that the daily salt intake of adults in China has reached 9 to 10 grams, far exceeding the health standard. Therefore, salt control and reduction are the correct way. In addition, only under specific circumstances, such as sweating due to hot weather or vigorous exercise, resulting in a large loss of salt in the body, a large amount of salt supplement is required. Nowadays, most residents in China have less daily exercise. Blowing the air conditioner to keep cool in summer leads to less perspiration, so most people don't need to supplement a lot of salt. Low salt diet has nothing to do with gluten allergy, which is induced by grain protein.
9. Myopia can be cured
Rumor content: as long as you use the right method, myopia can be cured within a certain period of time. For example, the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on myopia is very good. Myopia patients with myopia below 800 degrees and under the age of 60 can be cured, and the cure rate can reach 90%. Within one to three months, their vision can return to more than 1.0 of normal vision without recurrence. Its principle is to restore the self-regulation function of vision to normal by stimulating relevant nerves. Generally speaking, the cure rate needs to be determined according to the specific situation of patients. The younger the age and the shorter the course of disease, the more significant the curative effect.
Rumor refuting content: the human eye is in a state of adjustment and relaxation