Sun Yat Sen's birthday commemorating the 153rd anniversary of Sun Yat Sen's birthday
On November 12, 2019, the commemoration of the 153rd anniversary of the birth of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the great pioneer of China's democratic revolution, was held in Sun Yat Sen's former residence in Shanghai.
On November 12, 1866 (the fifth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty), Sun Yat Sen, the great forerunner of China's modern democratic revolution, was born in a poor peasant family in Cuiheng village, Xiangshan (now Zhongshan County), Guangdong Province. Sun Yat Sen, formerly known as Sun Wen, with the word Deming, was renamed Rixin and Yixian.
Influenced by the struggle tradition of the people in Guangdong, the youth yearned for the revolutionary cause of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In 1892 (the 18th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), he graduated from the Hong Kong Academy of Western medicine and practiced medicine in Macao. In 1894, Li Hongzhang wrote to Li Hongzhang, advocating reform and self-improvement, which was not adopted, so he went to Honolulu to form a revolutionary group Xingzhong society on November 24. In 1895, he prepared to launch the Guangzhou Uprising, but failed due to leaked information. In 1896, he was kidnapped by the Minister of the Qing government in Britain. Fortunately, he was rescued by the British teacher kantra. It is winter's book "the story of London".
During his stay in Europe, he carefully studied the political and economic books of western countries, began to contact the socialist theory, and advocated that "China cannot be saved without revolution". In the autumn of 1897, he left Europe for Japan. During that time, he became known as Zhongshan Qiao, so he took Zhongshan as his name. In 1900, Zheng Shiliang and others were sent to organize Huizhou uprising, which failed again.
In 1905, he contacted revolutionary martyrs studying in Japan in Tokyo and merged anti Qing groups Xingzhong society, Huaxing society and restoration society to form the China Alliance society, which was elected prime minister. It was determined that 'expelling boot prisoners, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China and equalizing land ownership' was the revolutionary program. Later, in the publication of Min Bao, he put forward the three principles of nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood, namely the theory of the three people's principles. Take min Bao as the position to have a fierce debate with the constitutional monarchy and reformists.
Commemorating the 153rd anniversary of Sun Yat Sen's birth
From 1907 to 1911 (the third year of Xuantong), the liaison Association party and the new army launched eight armed uprisings successively, of which the battle of 72 martyrs in Huanghuagang on April 27, 1907 was the most famous. After the successful Wuchang Uprising on October 10, 1911, he returned to Shanghai from Europe on December 25 and was elected as the interim president at the 16 provincial Congress on December 29. On January 1 of the following year, he took the oath of office in Nanjing to form the Nanjing interim government of the Republic of China. During his tenure, he promulgated China's first constitution, the provisional constitution law of the Republic of China.
On February 13, forced by imperialist and feudal forces, he resigned as interim president and was replaced by Yuan Shikai. On August 25, the alliance was reorganized into the Kuomintang and was promoted as chairman. In September, it accepted the appointment of Yuan Shikai government as the national railway supervisor. In March 1913, Yuan Shikai sent people to stab Song Jiaoren to death. He angrily launched the second revolution against yuan and immediately failed.
In 1914, he organized the Chinese revolutionary party in Japan and was promoted as prime minister. After that, he issued the Declaration on Yuan twice to oppose Yuan Shikai's restoration of the imperial system. In 1917, Duan Qirui refused to restore the national assembly and the provisional constitution. He held an extraordinary session of the national assembly in Guangzhou, organized the law protection government, was elected marshal of the Navy and army, and vowed to fight the northern expedition. In 1918, he was forced to resign and retire to Shanghai due to the exclusion of Guangxi warlords and the Department of political science. The following year, he founded weekly review and construction magazines, wrote the founding strategy, published the industrial plan, and reorganized the Chinese revolutionary party into the Chinese Kuomintang. In 1921, he became the very president of the government of the Republic of China in Guangzhou.
In June 1922, the Guangdong army Chen Jiongming defected and returned to Shanghai. In 1923, he put forward three major policies of "alliance with Russia, alliance with the Communist Party and assistance to agriculture and industry". In January 1924, the first National Congress of the Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou, issued the declaration of reorganization, adopted the party platform and constitution, developed the old three people's principles into the new three people's principles, and realized the first Kuomintang communist cooperation. In June of the same year, Huangpu Military Academy was founded. In November, the "Declaration on going north" issued two major calls to convene a national conference internally and abolish unequal treaties externally, and arrived in Beijing at the end of the year to resolutely fight against the Northern Warlords.
He died of illness in Beijing on March 12, 1925 due to the deterioration of his health. He left a will that "the revolution has not yet succeeded, and comrades must still work hard.". His posthumous works include the complete works of Zhongshan and the complete works of the premier. He published selected works of Sun Yat sen in 1956 and complete works of Sun Yat Sen since 1981.