At 11:30 on August 8, the comprehensive subjects of the 2019 college entrance examination ended, and the experts of the proposition group of the examination center of the Ministry of education revealed the proposition ideas of Wen Zong and Li Zong.
History: bring aesthetic ability and cultivation into the scope of examination
History as a comprehensive discipline, the examination of candidates' comprehensive ability in the 2019 college entrance examination proposition not only includes the integration of different modules within the discipline, such as Chinese history and world history, horizontal and vertical, but also the combination of different disciplines, different abilities and qualities. Many questions integrate historical elements with politics, geography, economy, literature, art, moral cultivation and values, and examine the candidates' humanistic quality from multiple dimensions.
The history discipline focuses on combining the knowledge content and the cognitive level of senior high school students, and selects materials that can not only achieve the examination objectives, but also combine the discipline knowledge to guide students to improve their humanistic and aesthetic quality. For example, question 26 of Volume II of liberal arts synthesis takes Song Dynasty poetry as the starting point, requiring candidates to appreciate traditional poetry in combination with the relevant knowledge of Neo Confucianism in the song and Ming Dynasties, integrate aesthetic activities into the process of answering questions, and appreciate the aesthetic characteristics of Song poetry taking reason as poetry.
By selecting historical facts related to sports and health concepts as test materials, history discipline guides candidates to understand the essence of health: that is, strong physique is an indispensable condition for individuals to realize life value and pursue a happy life. For example, TITLE 26 of Volume I of Comprehensive Liberal Arts depicts the spectacular activity scene of "Zhuang tuheng Jia Yong, pull out and refuse to reach the long river" with the popularity of tug of war in the Tang Dynasty, highlighting the masculinity and healthy physique of the Tang people who advocate strength.
The embodiment of the labor spirit in the history test questions of the college entrance examination focuses on guiding the candidates to understand the most noble and greatest truth of labor, and encouraging them to work hard and honestly in their future life. For example, question 47 in Volume I of liberal arts synthesis takes the life story of national model worker and academician Liu Yuanzhang as the material, highlighting its extensive application of scientific quality theory to the field of production and labor practice, so as to guide candidates to respect labor and creation.
Politics: guide students to cultivate the spirit of struggle and highlight the investigation of critical thinking
With the background material of the advanced deeds of Lankao County Party committee in inheriting and carrying forward Jiao Yulu's spirit and leading the cadres and the masses to work hard to get rid of poverty and become rich, item 39 of Volume III of the National Liberal Arts comprehensive, on the one hand, let the students realize that hard work is our party's fine tradition and valuable spiritual wealth, and a magic weapon for overcoming difficulties and striving for victory, on the other hand, let the students understand, Although the times have undergone profound changes, the spirit of hard work is still not outdated. Carrying forward the spirit of hard work is of great practical significance.
Examine the main knowledge of the discipline around the major themes of the times and reflect the requirements of content reform. The test questions carefully select talents from all fields of social life, fully show the great achievements made in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and guide students to enhance 'four self-confidence'. The liberal arts comprehensive national Volume I No. 39 takes the consultation and discussion activities of the CPPCC National Committee as the material, and requires students to think about the status of the CPPCC in the national governance system and the ways and means to realize its role, so as to understand that the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system led by the Communist Party of China is a basic political system suitable for China's national conditions.
Reflect the strategy of comprehensively promoting the rule of law and cultivate the awareness of the rule of law. Taking the formulation of foreign investment law as the material, question 38 of Volume III of liberal arts comprehensive national, focuses on the legislative link, examines students' grasp of the strategy of governing the country according to law, and requires students to fully understand the organic unity of adhering to the party's leadership, the people's ownership of the country and governing the country according to law, as well as the fact that law is the important tool of governing the country. The design of test questions is combined with students' knowledge level and thinking reality to inspire students' thinking and cultivate students' awareness of the rule of law.
One belt, one road, the other is to build up the values of the people, and to show the concept of "one belt and one road", to build a win-win concept of cooperation, to track the new progress of opening up and to form an international perspective.
The ideological and political test questions focus on problem solving, emphasize the integration of theory with practice, and guide students to apply what they have learned, deeply understand national strategies, pay attention to economic phenomena and think about coping strategies based on what they have learned. Highlight the examination of critical thinking and emphasize the quality and process of thinking. Question 23 of national Volume IV of Ideological and political education lists the cognitive phenomena under the rapid growth of information and data in the network age, requires students to use their philosophical knowledge to discriminate the view that "facts disappear due to neglect", and guide students to dialectically analyze the relationship between the whole and parts through critical thinking The difference between cognition and fact in order to improve the quality of thinking. At the same time, enhance the flexibility and openness of test questions and encourage students to think independently.
Question 39 of Volume II of the comprehensive national liberal arts requires students to use the knowledge of political life to choose three principles from the six basic principles for winning the battle against poverty provided by the materials, and explain the reasons for adhering to these principles respectively. Students can flexibly choose the answers according to the specific situation of their own knowledge. This design increases the freedom of students to answer, which is conducive to students to develop their strengths and avoid their weaknesses within the scope of subject knowledge, and better show their abilities and advantages.
Geography: pay attention to reasoning ability and highlight innovative thinking
The 2019 college entrance examination geography test papers basically continue the characteristics of previous years in terms of test paper form, content proportion, presentation mode and test question style, giving candidates a sense of familiarity and intimacy, focusing on stability and seeking progress in stability.
The geography questions of the college entrance examination focus on reflecting the great construction achievements since the founding of the people's Republic of China, so as to stimulate the candidates' patriotism, ambition to become a powerful country and trip to serve the country. For example, in Article 36 of Volume II of the national literature review, taking the development concept of "controlling poverty and water first" in Binchuan County, Dali, Yunnan Province as an example, the restrictions of climate on agricultural production are combined with poverty alleviation and prosperity, highlighting the great achievements of national construction. Based on the questions 9 ~ 11 in Volume III of the whole country, taking the Duku highway in Xinjiang as the prototype design test, the completion and connection of the Duku highway has shortened the distance between North and South Xinjiang by nearly half, communicated the economic and cultural exchanges between South and North Xinjiang, and played an important role in promoting national prosperity and stability. This question focuses on the geographical location of the highway, the natural landscape along the way, the precautions in construction and use, and scientific management. To guide candidates to love the motherland, they should start from understanding the mountains and rivers of the motherland.
The geography test questions of the college entrance examination are closely combined with the subject content to show the relationship between geography and society. Under the background of the new era of "five development concepts" and "five overall plans", the major development strategies proposed by further deepening the reform are used as the background to create situations. Based on the main line of the relationship between man and land, and the scientific understanding of the coordinated development of population, resources, environment and society, Guide candidates to establish a sense of coordinated development.
From the perspective of integrity, pay attention to the evaluation of reasoning ability of geographical process. The geography test questions of the college entrance examination require candidates to comprehensively use scientific thinking methods, integrate subject knowledge and ability, connect horizontally and vertically, and explore and solve problems in the face of real and complex real situations. For example, taking the accumulative wandering and swinging of the Xiaobei main stream of the Yellow River as an example, the paper designs the situation of the interaction and interaction of natural factors by providing relevant written materials and schematic diagrams of the Xiaobei main stream of the Yellow River, and tests the students' ability to comprehensively analyze geographical things and phenomena by using the necessary knowledge of geography, Reveal the complex relationship between natural environment elements and between natural environment and human activities. Taking the evolution of lakes as the clue, this paper fully embodies the concept that the crust, lakes, topography, climate and other natural bodies are constantly changing, explains that the current regional characteristics are only the instantaneous expression of natural geographical processes, and shows the interaction between various elements; At the same time, show the regional connection and regional process to the examinee, requiring the examinee to have the ability of element synthesis, space synthesis and time synthesis. Based on the national Volume III question 37, through the comparison of water forms on different dates, this paper analyzes the interaction of climate, rivers and geological landforms, unifies the short-term small-scale natural geographical process with the long-term large-scale natural geographical process, and requires candidates to understand the geographical environment from an overall perspective.
Highlight the screening of geographical innovative thinking ability. By enhancing the openness and inquiry, the geography test questions of the college entrance examination guide candidates to use innovative ways of thinking to deal with problem situations and promote the improvement of innovative consciousness. Taking the formation and evolution of the Caspian Sea as an example, this paper expounds the relationship between plate movement and the geomorphology, hydrology and climate of the Caspian Sea, and inverses the formation process of the lake, so as to obtain the basis for the successive formation of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. The test questions guide candidates to judge the possible changes in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea according to the trend of plate movement, in order to expand candidates' horizons and evaluate candidates' geographical thinking innovation ability represented by scale conversion. By setting an open task, the candidates are required to put forward targeted development ideas around the stakeholders and their relations of the ski resort, highlighting the examination of independent thinking ability.
Physics: situational test questions highlight the basics and pay attention to integrating theory with practice
The basic content of physics is the basis for the formation and development of students' physics literacy, and the key to improve students' ability to analyze and solve problems. In 2019, the physics test questions of the college entrance examination strictly follow the examination outline, guided by the physical discipline literacy of physical concept, scientific thinking, scientific exploration, scientific attitude and responsibility, pay more attention to the examination of core physical concepts and laws, identify students' basic discipline literacy, guide students to consolidate the foundation of learning and development, and promote the classroom to return to teaching materials.
For example, national Volume I question 15 examines Coulomb's law and the force analysis of charged spheres in the electrostatic field, national Volume II question 20 examines the motion of charged particles only under the action of electric field force, and national Volume III question 14 examines candidates' understanding of Lenz's law. These questions are multiple-choice questions for qualitative judgment to guide candidates to strengthen their understanding of basic physical concepts and laws, Promote the formation and development of candidates' physical concepts. The calculation questions in each set of test papers also pay attention to the foundation and emphasize the backbone, weaken the problem-solving skills, highlight the ability of students to use the basic physical laws to solve problems, and promote the improvement of students' subject literacy. For example, national Volume III question 25 examines multiple collisions and multi-stage movements of two objects, requiring candidates to strengthen the analysis of physical processes, establish clear physical images, and solve problems by using basic physical laws.
Many knowledge in physics comes from production and labor practice, which rises to guide production practice after theory, so as to better serve production practice. In 2019, the college entrance examination physics questions will strengthen the combination with production labor, guide students to pay attention to physical phenomena in production labor, use physical knowledge to solve physical problems in production labor, and guide students to establish labor concept. For example, question 33 (2) in Volume I of the country takes the hot isostatic pressing equipment widely used in material processing as the background, and requires candidates to analyze the corresponding gas change process, establish a physical model, apply the gas law to solve problems, and guide candidates to pay attention to the physical principles in production and labor. National Volume III TITLE 16: common phenomena of truck transporting objects in daily life