There are a lot of news about delayed retirement recently. What is delayed retirement? What are the specific contents of the reform plan to delay the retirement age? When will it be implemented? These are all issues that are closely related to everyone's family. The small part of this article brings you specific information about delaying the retirement age. Let's have a look.
According to the outline of the 13th five year plan for the development of human resources and social security, a gradual scheme to delay the retirement age will be introduced during the 13th five year plan. That is to say, the plan of gradually delaying retirement should be introduced in 2019 and 2020.
It is recommended to deduct early leave and reward late leave
When the issue of delayed retirement was first raised, it mainly involved the balance of pension payment, that is, the problem of money. However, with the changes of China's population structure and employment, the delayed retirement age is not only limited to the long-term balance of pension revenue and expenditure, but also a larger macro background, that is, the era of unrestricted supply of China's labor force has ended, With the acceleration of aging society, China's new labor force has begun to decrease.
Delaying the retirement age has become a common practice in almost all countries to deal with population aging.
At present, China implements a compulsory retirement system based on the legal retirement age. According to regulations, only after reaching the legal retirement age and paying pension insurance for more than 15 years can Chinese employees receive pension on a monthly basis, that is, China's legal retirement age is the age of receiving pension, and delaying retirement age is the age of delaying receiving pension.
At the end of 2018, Yang Yinan, a professor and doctoral supervisor of South China University of technology, pointed out in the article "do insured employees really oppose delaying retirement?" that, unlike the 'public opinion' reflected in the online survey, about 37.95% are actually willing to delay retirement, much higher than the previous online survey of 10% or even less than 5%.
In Yang Yinan's view, many opponents are opposed to delaying the retirement age rather than delaying the pension age. Therefore, he suggested that when formulating and introducing the delayed retirement plan, we should pay attention to distinguishing the legal retirement age from the pension age. The legal retirement age is only the starting point for receiving full pension, not the standard for compulsory withdrawal from the labor market. We should gradually reform the compulsory retirement system and implement the flexible retirement system.
The so-called flexible retirement system is to provide a 'retirement window' for a period of time, allowing employees to independently choose the retirement age according to their own education, health, family, leisure preference and other factors.
"The delayed retirement age can be set as a flexible retirement system, but there should be a standard legal retirement age as a reference. For example, the retirement age for men and women is 60. On this basis, the earliest early retirement age, such as 55, and a 65 year old incentive retirement age, that is, the standard retirement age is 60, If you retire earlier than this age, you can deduct the pension. For example, the largest deduction ratio in the United States is 30%. If you retire after the age of 60, you will be paid according to the normal standard. If you retire after the age of 65, you will be rewarded with a 30% increase in the pension. " Dong Dengxin said that the delayed retirement policy covers a wide range. Both gradualism and flexibility are to reduce the resistance to the implementation of the policy. If the resistance is small, the success rate is large.
Pension 'upside down' affects delayed retirement
Delaying the retirement age is the general trend. However, in addition to some policy resistance, there are some unfair aspects in the implementation of this system.
The reporter has interviewed such a case. Two employees who also work in an enterprise have almost the same wages and years of insurance payment. One of them chose to retire five years in advance and the other retired normally. However, there are differences in the amount of pension they receive. The pension received by 'late retirees' is dozens of yuan less than that of' early retirees'.
This phenomenon is called 'upside down' in the field of endowment insurance. There are many reasons for the upside down phenomenon. The main reason is that the pension has been raised for many years, which makes the pension of early retired employees rise year by year, while the salary of on-the-job employees has not changed much.
According to the reporter, from 2005 to now, China's pension has increased continuously for 14 years. Among them, China's pension treatment has increased by about 10% for 12 consecutive years before 2017, which means that retired employees can get about 10% more pension every year. Accumulated year by year, their pension level will rise.
'the calculation formula of China's pension is only once in a person's life, that is, the retirement calculation formula used when he receives the pension for the first time. Then, after the pension amount in the first month of his retirement is calculated, the annual increase will be calculated according to this base, that is, The pension you receive in the first month determines your future pension level. " Dong Dengxin said that the phenomenon of pension 'upside down' does exist. If the pension base is set low in the first month of retirement, it is equal to losing at the starting line.
The "upside down" phenomenon of "taking more early leave and less late leave" will induce employees to retire as soon as possible and pursue the increase of annual pension, which will undoubtedly affect the launch of the delayed retirement policy. However, the original intention of the pension is to provide a basis for retirees. Prices continue to rise and the CPI index continues to soar. It really doesn't make sense if the pension doesn't rise. Then, how to balance the relationship between the two has become a problem that the relevant departments who formulate the delayed retirement plan have to consider.
"In the United States, the annual increase of pension is relatively low. If his early retirement age is 3 or 4 years different from the normal retirement age, it is difficult to reach the range of retirees with the same length of service for 3 or 4 years. In other words, the pension base of late retirees will be higher than those who have increased their pension for many times." In this regard, Dong Dengxin suggested to control the annual pension increase, and link the early retirement deduction proportion of the flexible delayed retirement system with the annual pension increase proportion, so that there is a mutually restrictive proportion between the two.