Yesterday was the 23rd lunar new year. After the passing of the new year, new year's Eve will be followed by new year's Eve. New Year's Eve is the day when we officially welcome the Spring Festival. On this day, we have to have a reunion dinner, watch the Spring Festival Gala and keep the year old. There are many things to do. So in our tradition, what are the traditional customs on New Year's Eve? Let's talk about the customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing and the old principles on New Year's Eve. Let's have a look.
Since entering the twelfth lunar month, scholars and writers often write Spring Festival couplets under the eaves of the city in order to earn some money for the new year. After offering sacrifices to the stove, the Spring Festival couplets gradually stick and hang, and thousands of families take on a new look. Some people use red paper at home, while others use red paper. Only the inner court and the imperial family princes use white paper with red and blue edges as usual. Those who are not imperial families are not allowed to use it without authorization.
In the twelfth lunar month, the plum is bundled up and placed in a small appliance with a big belly. It is placed about five feet underground. It burns a fire to make the ground slightly warm. The plum blossom * is gradually turned white. It is caged in paper and sold in the market. This can be done for small peaches, Yuli and Yingchun. In the prosperous area, a mat shed is set up and pictures are sold. Women and children scramble to buy for joy.
On the first day of the twelfth lunar month, people selling porridge and fruit lined up in the street. There are also those who sell walnuts, persimmons, jujubes, chestnuts and dried water chestnut rice. They carry baskets on their shoulders and sell them. Followed by fat pheasant, Guandong fish, wild cat, wild duck, cured meat, iron sparrow, Sanjia fruit cover, giant Buddha flower, douguang Qianzhang, Louzi Zhuang Yuanbao. After the tenth day of the lunar new year, they sold Wei paintings, door gods, hanging money, gold and silver foil, Zi Huang Qian, selling gold and pouring you, horses burning paper, glass mirrors and window eyes. After 20 days, they sell sugar melons, sugar cakes, jiangmi bamboo cake and Kanto sugar. It was used for god horse when the stove was sent on the 23rd. There are also kilns, copper and silver for porcelain bowls, incense burners and candlesticks in the capital; Muggy gourd, children to save money; Support the pot tile, and the stove mouth is used to help the Cuan. After the 25th, sesame stalks, pine and cypress branches and Atractylodes were sold for "simmering years". The price of all things in the twelfth lunar month is more expensive than usual, so there is the proverb that "water and soil in the twelfth lunar month are three cents more expensive". At this time, the elderly always have to persuade their younger generation to spend money carefully, so there is a saying of "twenty-seven or eight, take goods and catch them".
On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, it was king Hou La, and every family cooked fruit porridge. They all prepared rice and beans the day before, and made figures with fruit carvings. Porridge is cooked in the third watch. The whole family gathers and feeds it to their relatives and neighbors. It is Laba porridge. Laba porridge is cooked with yellow rice, white rice, jiangmi, millet, water chestnut rice, chestnut, red cowpea, peeled jujube mud, etc. and dyed with red peach kernel, almond, melon seed, peanut, hazelnut, pine nut, white sugar, Hongtang and suozuo grape for spot dyeing. Do not use lotus seeds, lentils, job's tears and hanging yuan. It will hurt the taste. Every seven days, peel the fruit, wash the utensils, operate all night, and the porridge is cooked by dawn. In addition to offering sacrifices to ancestors and Buddhas, they shall give gifts to relatives and friends, and shall not spend the afternoon. And red dates, walnuts, etc. are made into lions, children and other categories to see ingenuity.
On the Laba day, Yuhe started an ice cellar to transport water through the river, and an inner kiln to store water. Taiye pool started an ice storage pond and an ice kiln to transport it. It is very convenient for use in summer.
At the end of the 23rd, every family worshipped the stove, erected poles and hung sky lanterns in the courtyard. The offerings are soup stove rice, sugar melon and sugar cake, and the god horse is fed with fermented grains and fried beans. Man Luo Bai, wish to curb evil and promote good. In the inner room, women sweep the stove, paint with clean mud, burn incense and worship silently.
Every December, within 19, 20, 21 and 24 days, the imperial heavenly supervisor will choose the auspicious period, seal it as usual, announce it to the world, and all will take a public holiday. Since then, the Liyuan opera house closed the stage on another day, and eight classes performed together. On New Year's day next year, the opera will be blessed. School children, after the 'seal', the school teacher also let them have a holiday, which is called the 'school year'.
From the 25th to new year's Eve, it is said to be "disorderly year's day." 27、 Wash away guilt, 28, wash sloppiness. "
At the end of the year, the medicine left over from a year is abandoned outside the door, and the collected prescriptions are burned together. This is called 'throwing all diseases'.
Burn pine branches, cypress leaves, Atractylodes macrocephala and jixiangdan in the furnace, which is called 'simmer age'.
The day before New Year's Eve is called 'little new year's Eve'. There is a banquet at home. People visit each other and call it 'Farewell'. Burning incense outdoors is called 'Tianxiang', which usually takes three days.
On New Year's Eve, there are a lot of old ideas
On New Year's Eve, people wear boa gowns to visit relatives and friends, which is called 'Farewell'. Family members worship their elders, also known as' Farewell '. Newlyweds must go to their father-in-law's house to say goodbye, otherwise it is disrespectful.
On New Year's Eve, you should sprinkle sesame straw outside the house and even the gate, which is called 'stepping on the new year's Eve'.
On New Year's Eve, the night son first made friends. Outside the door, treasure torches competed for brilliance and firecrackers competed. The shoulders are clustered, and the cars and horses are rattling. All officials came to the DPRK to congratulate New Year's day. At this time, the sound of firecrackers, like waves and thunder, spread all over the government and the public all night. It is more mixed with the drum beating, selling melon seeds to relieve the noise, selling the Baijiu ice cream, selling sweet scented osmanthus head oil, calling the sound of the beautiful girl, selling the sound of the dishes, and making the sound of firecrackers, up and down, is really pleasant to hear. Local people's home, new clothes, respect and wear, worship gods and ancestors; After burning germanium and silk, the family worshipped, offered pepper plates, poured cypress wine, closed steamed cakes and sipped powder soup. Go out to welcome the joy, visit the medicine window, visit the shadow window, and celebrate the Cambodian Festival. " If you meet relatives and friends on the road, give gifts, and then say, 'Happy New Year' As for the tools for entertainment, the carved fruit will be tea, the ten brocade hot pot will be eaten together, the soup will be supplemented with goose oil, pork steamed bread, rice cake and yellow millet; Wine and food are pickled chicken bacon, bad egrets and Phoenix fish, pheasant claws, deer and rabbit breast; The fruits are pine, hazel, lotus, peach, apricot, melon kernel, round chestnut and jujube branches, hawthorn cake, Geng cake, green branch grape, baizigang durian, Qiubo pear, Pingbo fruit, lion orange, Phoenix orange, orange slice and bayberry. Mixed with sea and mountain treasures, home confuses the market. Even if you are not pro thick, you will have three cups of festival wine. If you forget your feelings, why not get drunk! " As the saying goes, 'it's better to sit in one house than to go to thousands of houses. The four horses are noisy and happy all day. It can really be said to be a very temporary victory '.
The new year's meal is made of gold and silver rice, with pine and cypress branches inserted, decorated with money, jujube, chestnut, longan, fragrant branches and broken five before it can be removed. (called 'New Year's meal') take the larger of the pine and cypress branches, insert them in a bottle, and affix them with ancient coins, Yuanbao, pomegranate flowers, etc. * it is a 'money tree'.
Thread with colored rope, weave it into a dragon shape and place it at the foot of the bed, which is called 'lucky money'. The money given by elders to children is also called 'lucky money', and the 'paste' used by money shops is called 'ticket'. At the end of each year, all rich families who exchange silver for money are written on colored paper, which is called "red note". Take the meaning of beauty and auspiciousness.
Those who sell flowers are called Tang flowers. " Give each other gifts every new year. Peony is gorgeous, kumquat is yellow, full of fragrance, warm fragrance, three spring Yanzhi, all in one hall, so people call it 'hall flower'.
Hanging a thousand, * is engraved on the red paper with auspicious words. It is close to the door and reflects the peach charm. The eight immortals on it are hung in front of the Buddha. Thousands of households use it more, and aristocratic families use it less. The yellow paper is three inches long and the red paper is more than inches long. It is a 'small hanging thousand', which is used by the market.
Every new year's Eve, a long case is placed in the atrium for 100%. One hundred percent is the holy picture of the heavens. " Before '100%, there was a layer of honey offering, which was called' full offering '. The offering is signed with eight immortals, pomegranates and Yuanbao, which is called 'offering Buddha flowers'. When receiving God, burn 100%, and then burn incense until the Lantern Festival. This * is often called the 'heaven and earth table'.
Walking into every family's first month
On the first day of the first month, get up at five o'clock, burn incense and set off paper guns. On this day, they visited each other, regardless of high or low, and ran back and forth for several days, called 'celebrating the new year'. What you eat, such as a box of best wishes, is packed with persimmons, litchi, longan, chestnuts, ripe dates, etc.
On the first day of the first day of the lunar new year, the gods and ancestors were worshipped. Paper cutting continued to more than Zhang, which was provided to their ancestors. It was called 'Qian Zhang' and burned.
In the first ten days of the first month, the new year worshipers went to the door, shouted to receive and paste, threw in a business card and hurried away. Most of them did not need to interview their hosts.
From the first to the fifth of the first month, commonly known as' breaking five '. According to the old habit, we should eat 'water dumplings' for five days. In the north, it is called' boiled pastry '. Now some people only eat three or two days, some eat every other day, but there is nothing they don't eat. This is true from the royal residence to small households in the streets, * even hospitality.
The lights of the first month always focus on the 'six lights' in the front door, which is called' six lights', which is praised by the lights * of the 'Ministry of work'. Ice lanterns, birds and animals, all forms of the world, are made very skillfully.
In the past, the lamp market was concentrated in the four archways in the East and West, and later moved to the front of the corridor.
From the new year's day to the 16th of the new year, the Liulichang is full of department stores, with lamp screens, colored glaze, ten thousand lanterns hanging in the shed, jade axis toothpicks, thousand door contacts, books filling buildings and Baowan town street. More 'Qin Lou Chu Guan piansheng song, Baoma Xiangche tourist girl'. It is also a scene of the old Beijing New Year Festival.