1. Southwest China erupted violently 260 million years ago
Although volcanoes have been in the process of formation, brewing and death in the history of the earth, we can only study prehistoric volcanic eruptions through geological means. Paul vignoll of the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom is engaged in this field of research, and published the latest research results in the Journal of science. Paul led the research team to study a volcanic rock in Southwest China, and estimated that there was a violent volcanic eruption 260 million years ago based on the marine fossils. The volcanic eruption was so destructive that researchers believe it led to the extinction of species in the Middle Permian. However, the extinction was not as catastrophic as the Late Permian mass extinction which occurred 9 million years later. It is estimated that the mass extinction at the end of Permian led to the extinction of 96% of the marine species on earth, and the disappearance of trilobites, sea scorpions and important coral groups. The extinction made the main organisms that occupied the ocean for nearly 300 million years decay and disappear, giving way to new species, and the ecosystem also got the most thorough renewal, paving the way for the evolution of dinosaurs and other reptiles. 2. Yellowstone National Park erupted 2.1 million years ago
Yellowstone National Park in the United States is an active area of geological activities, with the largest geyser concentration area in the world, where more than half of the geysers in the world are located. The famous geysers in Huangshi National Park include "old loyalty fountain" and "colorful pool". The picture shows the beautiful "colorful pool" fountain. The greatest evidence of the existence of these geothermal wonders in the world. Although the volcano in Huangshi National Park has erupted several times with great destructive power, some people are worried about the regularity of its eruption. People's worries come from three major eruptions in Yellowstone International Park: one is the strong volcanic eruption 2.1 million years ago that led to the formation of the crater in the area, the second strong volcanic eruption after 700000 years, and the third strong eruption after 700000 years. The regularity of volcanic eruption is surprising. What worries the relevant departments is that if the volcano in Yellowstone National Park continues to follow this eruption rule, it will now be active again. Once a volcano erupts in Yellowstone National Park, relevant U.S. Geological observation departments will closely observe it. 3. Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991
In 1991, the Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines erupted, causing 800 deaths. Although it is not the most serious volcanic eruption in human history, 100000 people were homeless, 1 million people's lives were threatened and 500 million dollars of property losses were caused. The intensity of volcanic eruption is very large, which is 10 times of that of Mount St. Helens in 1980. It ranks the second among all the volcanic eruptions in the 20th century, second only to the Katmai volcano in Alaska in 1912. The eruption cut the Mount Pinatubo off about 300 meters, forming a new crater with a diameter of 2.4 kilometers. The volcano erupted 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, and the volcanic ash and dust in the atmosphere blocked the sky and sunlight, reducing the global temperature by one degree Celsius. Pinatubo volcano erupted a large amount of volcanic ash, covering an area of nearly 4000 square kilometers. The thickness of the volcanic ash reached 5cm. Crops were buried and the roof was covered with a thick layer of dust.
The submarine volcano erupted 493 million years ago
93 million years ago, marine life was devastated by volcanic eruptions. According to a study last year, when dinosaurs on land were enjoying their lives, the explosion of undersea volcanoes led to the extinction of a large number of marine species. The authors of the study say the earth was much hotter then than it is today, and the water was thicker and slower to move. When tectonic plate movement caused the explosion of submarine volcanoes, the eruption of volcanic ash cut off the oxygen supply to the ocean. Seaweed, clams, and other marine life died in large numbers, sank to the seabed, and finally became the fossil fuel for today's undersea drilling - oil.
5. The super volcano of DOPA Lake erupted in Indonesia 70000 years ago
DOPA lake is a volcanic lake located in the northern part of Sumatra island, Indonesia. It is diamond shaped, 100 km long, 30 km wide and covers an area of 1130 square kilometers. It is the largest volcanic lake in the world. More than 70000 years ago, a super volcano erupted here, resulting in a sharp drop in population and eventually forming what is now Lake dopa. There are no written records about the devastating impact of this super volcano eruption on early human beings, but some scientists believe that this volcano eruption has changed the evolutionary history of human beings. Stanley of the University of Illinois in the United States believes that the eruption of Lake DOPA volcano erupted 3000 cubic kilometers of volcanic ash and other materials, causing the extinction of most of the early human beings, leaving only 10000 adults alive. Modern humans have evolved from the very few 10000. Stanley's hypothesis has not been proved, but lake DOPA is the second largest volcanic eruption in human history. The huge crater formed by the eruption has become the largest volcanic lake in the world today - Lake dopa. 6. The western United States erupted 12 million years ago
In a national park in Nebraska, there is a peculiar dust storm fossil bed, where the bones of ancient animals are completely preserved. More than 10 million years ago, rhinoceros, hippos and other animals came here to drink. They were buried in the dust of the volcanic eruption, and their bones were completely preserved in the gray dust. What led to the doom of ancient animals was the volcanic eruption in what is now southern Idaho. The eruption was very strong, and the ash covered most of the western part of the United States. Many animals were killed in an instant, while many animals died slowly due to suffocation when volcanic ash suspended in the air was sucked into the lungs. 7. Santorini, Greece, erupted 3500 years ago
Since the beginning of recorded human history, probably no volcanic eruption has left such a deep mark as the one occurred 3500 years ago on Santorini Island in Greece. As we all know, akrotili, the town of Crete, was buried. Akrotiri, located in the southwest of Santorini Island, is now a beautiful village with a view of the crater. Acorotili is also one of the most important archaeological sites in Greece. The town was rebuilt by local people under the ruins. Many valuable cultural relics excavated from the ruins were sent to the Athens Archaeological Museum. The buried ruins of the town preserved many ancient buildings, beautiful murals and winding roads.
Many scientists also speculate that the volcanic eruption also gave birth to many myths and legends. For example, Plato's lost city of Atlantis, and the Bible's top ten disasters in Egypt. 8. The ancient city of Pompeii was destroyed by a volcanic eruption in Italy in 79 ad
In 79 AD, Italy's Mount Vesuvius erupted on a large scale, and glass like lava fragments, stones, crystals and dust fell from the sky for a whole week. The scorching pyroclastic flow destroyed Pompeii, a prosperous ancient city with a population of 20000 at that time. Several other famous coastal cities such as heculannim and Stabia were also seriously damaged. The death toll is estimated to be more than 10000. It was not until the middle of the 18th century that archaeologists excavated the ancient city of Pompeii from the volcanic ash several meters thick. The ancient buildings and bodies with different postures are well preserved.
9. The eruption of Tambora volcano in Indonesia in 1815
Although many people have heard of Mount Vesuvius and the ancient city of Pompeii, and Tambora volcano in Indonesia is not known to many people, this volcanic eruption more than 200 years ago is the most violent volcanic eruption in human history. The eruption of the volcano accompanied by the roaring sound, constantly spewing a lot of volcanic ash and gas into the sky, thick volcanic ash in the next three days will be near 480 kilometers within the sky completely black. On the island of Java, hundreds of kilometers away from the volcano, the sky is so dark that it can hardly be seen. It didn't stop erupting until July. The height of tambola volcano has been cut off by more than 1000 meters, and the upper part of the volcano has lost 70 billion tons of mountain body, forming a huge crater with a diameter of more than 6000 meters and a depth of 700 meters. The energy released is 80 million times as powerful as the atomic bomb dropped by the United States on Hiroshima, Japan, at the end of World War II. Thick volcanic ash killed crops on nearby islands, and about 92000 people starved to death for lack of food. The resulting volcanic cloud has cooled global temperatures by at least 5 degrees Fahrenheit. This influence lasted more than a year, and some Europeans and North Americans called 1816 "a year without summer.". 10. Mount Perry erupted in the Caribbean islands in 1902
Pere volcano is located in the northern part of Martinique island in the West Indies of the Eastern Caribbean, with a height of 1350 meters, which is the highest peak of the island. St. Pierre, located in Martinique, was a famous tourist attraction in 1902, but a violent volcanic eruption killed many people. The eruption of Mount Pelley in 1902 is the most fatal one, and also one of the most disastrous disasters in the world. On April 23, 1902, black plumes of smoke erupted from the top of the volcano. The explosion roared like thunder, and volcanic ash poured down, covering the streets and roofs with a thin layer. Many local people did not leave, and even tourists came to enjoy the wonders of nature. Suddenly, at 7:52 a.m. on May 8, Mount Bailey began to erupt violently, and the mountain suddenly burst open. With the great sound of the earthquake, a huge dazzling flame came straight into the sky, hundreds of meters high. The 1100 square kilometer island of Martinique also seems to be shaking. A large number of toxic high-temperature gas and volcanic ash with rock bombs, mortar, violent eruption.
Sihai inventory special statement: the content of this article comes from the system editing or netizen sharing contribution. This article is for entertainment only. We are not responsible for the integrity, reliability and authenticity of the content. If the Department has a source, the copyright belongs to the original author. For related questions, please contact wechat: ww4hw