When it comes to intangible cultural heritage, many people think of museums and exhibitions.
However, the essence of "intangible cultural heritage" is not so "tall" but comes from the most trivial and vivid life. It is permeated in the "days" of rising and falling, and concentrated in the dribs and drabs of "clothing, food, housing and transportation".
Guizhou is a big province of intangible cultural heritage. There are 85 national intangible cultural heritage (140) and 561 provincial intangible cultural heritage (653), ranking the top in China. Come and have a look?
Miao ancient songs
Miao ancient song is an epic created by the ancient Miao ancestors in the long-term production and labor. It covers everything from the birth of the universe, the origin of human and species, the creation of heaven and earth, the torrential floods in the early period of the people, to the great migration of the Miao people, the ancient social system and daily production and life of the Miao people, and has become a collection of ancient Miao myths. It is divided into four parts: the creation of heaven and earth, maple song, torrential flood and mountain crossing.
"Kedao" is the name of Miao language, that is, "carved wood" or "Song stick", which is translated into Chinese as "Miao people's wedding song". It is a kind of wine song of Miao people in Shibing, Qiandongnan Prefecture. Because its main content is carved on round bamboo and Miao people sing with sticks, it has this title. "Kedao" is the only ancient symbol of wood carving among the Miao people living in China. It is up to now the earliest record object of Miao nationality and the oldest writing tool of this branch.
Dong Pipa song
On June 12, 2016, Dong people performed Pipa songs in the rain at Gurong square, Congjiang County, Guizhou Province.
On the same day, Congjiang County of Guizhou Province held the 11th "Cultural Heritage Day" publicity activities in the Gurong square of the county. The masses from the Dong villages and towns gathered in the county to carry out performances such as singing Dong songs, Dong Pipa songs, and performing Dong opera. They confidently displayed the charm of Dong intangible cultural heritage and welcomed the arrival of the 11th "Cultural Heritage Day".
It is understood that up to now, Congjiang County has achieved fruitful intangible cultural heritage. In 2009, "Dong song" was listed in the world intangible cultural heritage list, "zhulang niangmei" and other 5 items were included in the national intangible cultural heritage list; "Zhanli childbearing custom" and other 18 provincial intangible cultural protection lists; "Basha adult ceremony" and other 23 state-level intangible cultural protection lists. 53 people were rated as Inheritors of intangible cultural heritage at all levels, including 3 at the national level and 8 at the provincial level.
Dong folk song
Dong folk song is a kind of folk chorus form with multi voice, no conductor, no accompaniment and natural chorus in Dong nationality area of China. It is also one of the outstanding national cultural achievements created by Dong people in social practice. Originated in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, it has a history of more than 2500 years.
Buyi bronze drum
Buyi bronze drum is one of the ancient percussion instruments of Buyi Nationality, which belongs to the precious national cultural heritage. It is made of bronze, often mixed with suona, leather drum, cymbal, cymbals, gongs and sticks, which basically preserves the performance style of ancient musical instruments and has the national characteristics of Buyi Nationality.
Gourd Pipe Dance
Lusheng dance is one of the main dances in Miao people's ancestor worship or festival. However, due to the historical national oppression and class oppression, a considerable number of Miao villages have been lost. Some of the better preserved Lu signature dances are Jiaoxia, wumang, dangdao, Nangong, Fanzhao, Gedong, Baogong and taipan. Lusheng and Lusheng dance have a long history in Miao nationality area.
Anti row wood drum dance
Anti paimu drum dance is a sacrificial dance, originated from the Drum Festival. It has a long history. It is developed from the primitive totem belief and the religious consciousness of animism. It has a history of more than one thousand years for 45 generations in Fanpai Miao village.
Dejiang Nuotang Opera
Dejiang Nuotang opera is a kind of national drama prototype with religious color and research value and ornamental value, which is known as "living fossil of Chinese drama". It began in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and spread to the Qin general Sima Cuo of the Warring States period, who took over the state of Ba Chu, developed Wujiang River, and carried out troops stationing. The palace Nuo, military Nuo and folk Nuo of the state of Qin have been retained and developed here, including Maoshan sect and Shiniang sect. The core of the performance is to "return the promise of Nuo" and "reward gods and entertain people".
Anshun local opera
Dixi, commonly known as "Tiaoshen", is a local opera popular in Anshun City, Guizhou Province. Most of the local operas are performed in outdoor places without stage, so it is called "Dixi". In Guizhou, there were 24 garrisons and 26 garrisons in the Ming Dynasty. Among them, there were 3 garrisons and 2 garrisons in Anshun. According to historical data, the soldiers of Weisuo were called "Tunpu people". With Tunpu people, Dixi appeared.
Horsetail embroidery of Shui Nationality
Sandu Shui Autonomous County in Guizhou Province is the only Shui Autonomous County in China, which is located in the southeast of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. Horsetail embroidery of Shui nationality, a unique traditional folk craft of Shui nationality, is distributed in villages and towns of Sandu, Zhonghe, Tingpai, tangzhou, Shuilong and other towns in Sandu. It is the oldest and most vital primitive art in Sandu Shui Autonomous County of Guizhou Province, which is called "living fossil" of needling embroidery.
The main product forms of Shui People's horsetail embroidery are horsetail embroidery strap and horsetail embroidered shoes. Sichuan Chengdu embroidery and other ethnic embroidery techniques also use horsetail as the raw material, but only Shui people use it so intensively for embroidery such as braces. Mawei show, a folk art spread in Shui nationality area, has a long history and a broad mass base. Its artistic form is rich and colorful, which fully reflects the Shui People's feelings for life and their persistent pursuit of beautiful things. There are many kinds of embroidery techniques of Shui nationality, such as flat embroidery, horsetail embroidery, hollow embroidery, picking embroidery, knot thread embroidery and spiral embroidery.
In June 2006, horsetail embroidery was selected into the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, which brings better opportunities for the protection of this ancient primitive art, and also provides precious art materials and protection ways for the study of Shui folk customs, folk customs, totem worship and national culture.
Guizhou clay whistle
This Folk Clay whistle is actually a relic of a very old wind instrument. The "seven Tone Whistle" in the countryside is a toy produced according to the development of ancient pottery Cuan. The Neolithic pottery Cuan unearthed in Wanrong ancient city is very similar to Qiyin whistle. Due to the changes of the times, Tao Xun retired from the music world. However, with its soft tone and simple structure, it is still favored by people and has entered the toy field and become a pet for children. This seven Tone Whistle has a blowhole in the head of the animal model, and six small holes in the drum like whistle body. When blowing, different fingering techniques can be used to blow out all kinds of pleasant and pleasant scale sounds. It can be said that it is a fine product of mud whistle.
Inheritance of intangible cultural heritage
On June 12, Qingzhen held a promotion activity of intangible cultural heritage. Activities such as Miao batik, Miao embroidery, folk calligraphy and painting, folk musical instruments and tea art performances were held in Qingzhen City, which attracted many citizens to watch. It is reported that Qingzhen City has collected and sorted out 44 representative project lists of intangible cultural heritage protection at the municipal level, cultivating 3 provincial-level inheritors, 4 Guiyang municipal inheritors and 10 municipal Intangible Cultural Heritage Representative inheritors.
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Related links:
The first batch of intangible cultural heritage
List of the first batch of representative works of provincial intangible cultural heritage in Guizhou Province
1、 Folk beliefs (6)
Sama Festival of Dong nationality (Rongjiang county), hachong of gomeng (Huangping county), wish lantern of Dushan (Dushan county), sazhai of Buyi Nationality (Duyun City), Maolong festival of Gelao nationality (Shiqian County), Bimo sacrificial culture of Yi nationality in Diping township of Panxian county (Panxian county).
2、 Folk music (6)
Dong Pipa songs (Rongjiang county), Dong grand songs (Liping County), Pipa songs of Hongzhou (Liping County), twelve Buyi Tonggu (Zhenfeng county), Panjiang minor (Guanling County), and twelve Tonggu tunes (Zhenning County).
3、 Season and season (11)
Miao Maoren Festival (Rongjiang county), Zhuwu Miao water drum Festival (Jianhe county), Miao guzang Festival (Leishan county), Zhuxi baby farm (cengong county), Qingshuijiang fish killing Festival (Fuquan City), Shui Duan Festival (Sandu county), Shui nationality Mao Festival (Sandu county), chabaige Festival (Xingyi City), qumaoshu (Anlong county), daguchang eating new festival (Pingba County), sanjutang Miao flower jumping Festival (Shuicheng County).
4、 Cultural space: (14)
Shuangshuangga (Congjiang County), 48zhai Song Festival (Tianzhu County), shejie Festival (Tianzhu County), Baojing March 3 (Zhenyuan County), Longli hualianlong (Jinping County), nonggajielue (Huangping county), YUEYE (Liping County), tunluo (cengong county), sister festival of Miao nationality (Taijiang county), Shazhou festival of Sinan Shangyuan (Sinan County), jingque festival of Gelao nationality (Shiqian County), Luo (Wanshan Special Zone), and Tunpu of Anshun Culture (Anshun City), Liuzhi suogaqing Miao culture space (Liuzhi special zone).
5、 Life etiquette and customs: (4)
The birth custom of Dong Nationality in Zhanli county (Congjiang County), the marriage custom of Dong people in Pingqiu (Jinping County), the marriage custom of Shui nationality (Duyun City), and the marriage custom of Maoping flower seedling (Meitan county).
6、 Traditional sports (3)
Goulin (Tianzhu County), dongyueyadang (Tianzhu County), Dong wrestling (Liping County).
7、 Folk handicrafts (17)
Miao batik (Danzhai county), Shiqiao Ancient Papermaking (Danzhai county), Jianhe Xixiu production technology (Jianhe county), Miao clothing culture (Leishan county), Miao silver ornament technology (Leishan county), Miao Lusheng culture (Leishan county), Sizhou inkstone production technology (cengong county), Buyi native cloth production, tie dyeing technology (Luodian county), Shui nationality horsetail embroidery (Sandu county), Yazhou pottery production technology (Pingtang county), etc Yuping flute production technology (Yuping county), Xiaotun white cotton paper making technology (Zhenfeng county), Wudang HANDMADE NATIVE paper production technology (Wudang District, Guiyang City), Huaxi Miao cross stitch production technology (Huaxi District, Guiyang City), Yi People's felt making technology (Weining County), production and performance of Miao's large tube flute in Machang township (Panxian county), and traditional Maotai liquor brewing technology (Guizhou Maotai Liquor Co., Ltd.).
8、 Folk dance (15)
Geha (Danzhai county), Jinji dance (Danzhai county), bacao dance (Majiang county), anti paimu drum dance (Taijiang county), changshanlong drum dance (Guiding County), wendangmu (Libo County), hunting dance (Libo County), sihuagu drum (Songtao county), shibaxiang (Yanhe County), bench dance of Miao nationality (Anlong county), cuotaiji (Weining County), Lusheng skill of Miao nationality The dance of "rolling mountain pearl" (Nayong County), the great migration dance of Miao nationality (Hezhang County), the Bell Dance of Yi nationality (Hezhang County), and the moon picking (Renhuai county).
9、 Folk Literature (oral literature) (3 categories)
Miao "carved road" (Shibing county), Miao "ancient song" myth (Huangping county), Miao ancient song and ancient song culture (Taijiang county).
10、 Folk knowledge (2)
Qianhu Miao Village Construction Technology (Leishan county), Chinese water book - Shui nationality belief memory outline culture (Qiannan prefecture).
11、 Drama (8)
Dong Opera (Liping County), Sizhou Nuo opera (cengong county), fuquanyang Opera (Fuquan City), Sinan lantern (Sinan County), Dejiang Nuotang Opera (Dejiang County), Shiqian Puppet Opera (Shiqian County), Buyi Opera (Ceheng county), Anshun local opera (Anshun City).
12、 Folk acrobatics (1)
Dejiang Tujia Dragon Dance (Dejiang County)
13、 Quyi (1)
"Bayinzuo singing" of Buyi Nationality (Xingyi City)
The second batch of intangible cultural heritage
List of the second batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage representative works of Guizhou Province (202)
1、 People