Sugarcane is a common stem fruit, and it is also the main raw material for the production of sucrose. Sugarcane is suitable for planting in places with fertile soil, sufficient sunshine and large temperature difference between winter and summer
Sugarcane planting technology of well growing sugarcane Garden 1. Land selection and machine farming: sugarcane planting should choose the conditions of convenient drainage, deep, loose and fertile soil to fully meet the needs of root growth, so as to make the root play a better role in absorbing water and nutrients. If the last crop is sugarcane, the first step is to smash the sugarcane head with a rotary tiller. In this way, the soil will not only be crushed, but also the damage of sugarcane sawyer beetle will be reduced. The cultivated land should be ploughed deeply with a high-powered tractor, with the depth of 35-40 cm and the width of trench bottom 20-25 cm. The soil after ploughing should be crushed and leveled.
2. Row spacing and row opening: if the plot has good water and fertilizer conditions, the row spacing can be appropriately increased, and the row spacing is 1 m to 1.2 m; if it is slope land, small row spacing can be selected, and the row spacing is 0.8 m to 1 m. The slope should be parallel to the contour line, and the direction should not go down the slope, otherwise the rainfall will wash out the fertilizer and sugarcane seeds.
3. Sugarcane seed treatment: high yield, high quality, disease resistance, good adaptability and good taste varieties should be selected. When selecting, the sugarcane shoots with thick stem, uniform and no cracks, thick shoots, wide green leaves and no diseases and insect pests should be selected as seeds. Soaking the seeds with water or 2% lime water for 1-2 days can improve the drought resistance of sugarcane seeds and eliminate diseases and insect pests.
4. Planting time: from September of the current year to February of the next year. There is no sugarcane seed too early, and the yield and quality will be affected too late.
5. Reasonable close planting: the sugarcane seeds should be placed in the planting ditch, the buds should be on both sides, and the seedlings should be gently pressed in when returning to the soil to cover the seeds. After the soil is compacted, it is covered and compacted again to facilitate the rooting. 5-6 sugarcane seeds should be sown every 100 cm in the planting ditch. The sugarcane seeds should be placed horizontally in the planting ditch, and the buds should be on both sides. When returning to the soil to cover the seeds, the seedlings should be lightly pressed into the soil, and then returned to the soil to cover and compact, so as to facilitate rooting. The spacing of sugarcane planting lines should be 90-100 cm, and the depth of sugarcane planting back to soil should be about 5 cm. The planting density is about 20 buds per 100 cm to ensure 4500-5500 effective stems per mu.
6. Field management:
(1) Fertilization: after emergence, combine with the first weeding, apply 15 Jin urea per mu. During the growing period, 100 Jin of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphorus, 10 jin of NPK compound fertilizer or KCl per mu were applied. Foliar fertilizer and balanced fertilizer should be applied timely. During the growing period, the compound, high-efficiency, multi-element and organic ecological foliar fertilizer "Rongdafeng" was sprayed 300 times for 3-4 times according to the situation of the seedlings; after the seedlings were fixed, the weak seedlings were frequently irrigated with 5% ammonium bicarbonate water on the roots.
(2) Watering: Sugarcane needs a large amount of water, so we should pay attention to timely irrigation, but we should avoid heavy water irrigation, advocate light water irrigation, keep the soil dry and wet, mainly wet.
(3) Temperature: different growth stages of sugarcane need different temperatures, 13 ℃ can germinate, 20 ~ 25 ℃ germination is normal, the optimum temperature for germination is 30 ~ 32 ℃; 12 ~ 13 ℃ sugarcane can grow slowly, 20 ~ 25 ℃ elongation is gradually accelerated, 30 ℃ is the optimum temperature, over 34 ℃ growth slow; below 0 ℃, sugarcane will suffer. During the ripening period of sugarcane, if the temperature in the early and middle stages is higher than 20 ℃, and the temperature in the late stage gradually drops between 13 ℃ and 18 ℃, the sugarcane is early maturing and the sugar accumulation is good; if the heat is insufficient in the early stage and the temperature drops quickly in the late stage, the sugarcane yield is low and the sugar content is not high; if the temperature in the ripening stage drops to about 0 ℃, the sugar content will transform and decrease.
(4) Cultivate soil and fix seedlings: generally, soil should be cultivated 3-4 times a year with an interval of about 30 days. At the same time, combining with soil cultivation, timely seedling, 7-8 seedlings per meter.
(5) Stripping: after the sugarcane plant is elongated, it begins to strip 3-4 leaves each time. Excessive stripping will affect the growth of the plant, but not timely stripping will affect the feeding of flour.
(6) disease prevention: Sugarcane main pests are sugarcane borers. In addition to planting sugarcane and soil, 5 kg or so of pesticide granules are applied. If there are "flower leaves" in the heart of sugarcane, it is necessary to spray 300 times of "insecticide" into the heart of sugarcane leaves to prevent the production of wind cane and dead cane.
(7) Harvest management: when the sugarcane is mature, use a small hoe to cut it into the sugarcane field for about 3cm, which is conducive to the germination of low bud of ratoon sugarcane. After sugarcane harvest or spring, the ratoon sugarcane field should be cleared in time.
Pay attention to fertilization. According to the characteristics of fertilizer requirement of sugarcane in different growth stages, the fertilization principle is "heavy base fertilizer, timely stage topdressing". If only topdressing is applied, but not basal fertilizer, sugarcane is easy to grow: top heavy, top thick, bottom thin, easy to fall. On the other hand, if only basal fertilizer is applied and no topdressing is applied, the aftereffect will be insufficient and the yield will be affected.
2. Pay attention to water proofing: after April, when the rainy season comes, sugarcane planted in paddy field is easy to accumulate water, resulting in poor soil ventilation and rotten seeds and buds of sugarcane. Therefore, attention should be paid to the water proofing and drainage of low-lying plots.
3, pay attention to weeding: after planting sugarcane and soil, spray a herbicide, and use atrazine 200 grams acetochlor 150 grams to add water 50 kg spray closed sugarcane line.