Australian fir is one of the three major ornamental trees in the world. Australian fir is very tenacious. It is wet and drought resistant. It is evergreen all the year round. It can survive the winter as long as it is above zero. It is also one of the best air purifiers. It is suitable for long-term indoor maintenance in light shortage. So how is Australian fir cultivated? What good method is there in breeding? What should we pay attention to when we breed Australian fir? Please read with me with questions!
Breeding method (basic knowledge) of Australian fir and Australian fir in our hospital: the best breeding time: the propagation method of Australian fir can be the same as that of iron tree, and the time should be carried out in spring and summer.
The best growing soil: Australian fir is suitable for the slightly acidic sandy loam with good drainage and rich humus. When potted, the substrate made of garden soil, rotten leaf soil and peat moss is better.
Growth humidity requirements: Australian fir is resistant to high temperature, but not to hot sun. Keep the basin soil moist and increase the number of spray sprinklers to improve air humidity and ventilation.
The best growth temperature: the optimum temperature for the growth of Abies australis is 10-25 ℃, and the wintering temperature is above 5 ℃. Except when the temperature in summer exceeds 32 ℃, the Australian fir can grow all year round.
Best growth light: Australian fir likes diffuse light, so it should be placed in a bright place in the shed. If it is placed in the dark for a long time, it should be moved to the sun every few weeks for proper irradiation, which can keep the green leaves beautiful color.
Tips for breeding Australian fir: fertilizer: fertilizer should be applied every 2 weeks in the growing season of Australian fir, and compound fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium is appropriate. Insufficient fertilizer supply makes the branches and leaves yellow easily.
Key points of watering:
1. In the maintenance process, how often to water Australian fir depends on the humidity of the basin soil. In summer, watering twice a week is usually enough. In winter, watering can be controlled once less than in summer.
2. Australian fir in spring to autumn, should be more water, but avoid water in the basin. When drying at high temperature, spray water on the basin plant and the ground nearby to reduce temperature and increase humidity. Water in time, do not wait for the soil to dry before watering. Since the end of autumn, water has been gradually reduced to enhance its cold resistance.
3. In summer, when the basin soil is half dry, pour a circle along the basin edge when watering. If the weather is very dry, spray water around the Australian fir bonsai to increase the humidity of the air to create a suitable humid environment.
Pruning tips: Australian fir in normal circumstances, do not need to cut branches, let its natural growth.
Basin soil replacement: Australian fir basin is generally changed every 2-3 years. The best use of basin soil is fertile, loose, well drained sandy soil.
Breeding points: Australian fir mainly depends on seed propagation, but cuttings can also propagate progenies.
1. The seedlings cultivated by sowing are strong, vigorous and suitable for mass propagation. Generally, in July to August, the seed coat is broken first to promote germination. Otherwise, the seeds are easy to rot if the soil is left for a long time. Then the treated seeds are sowed in sand bed and covered with 1.5-2 cm fine sand. Under the condition of keeping 25-28 ℃ and certain humidity, it can germinate in about 2-3 weeks, and plant immediately after germination.
2. When cutting, if the main shaft or long branches are selected as cuttings, the crown shape of the plant is not correct, which can only grow horizontally and affect the ornamental value. Cut 2-3 segments of strong branches which are easy to take root as cuttings, remove some leaves, soak them in water overnight, and then insert them into sand bed with coarse sand or vermiculite as matrix. It can take root after 3 months of keeping temperature of 20-25 ℃ and high humidity of air.
Pest control: there are few diseases and insect pests in Australian fir. When indoor maintenance, scale insect damage is more common. It can be sprayed with fenaphos, chlorpyrifos · machine emulsifiable concentrate and Guoguang scale must die, with good effect.
Potted Australian fir culture experience: 1, summer and autumn for the growth period, potted plants can be placed in the outside half shade, can also be placed in the window with light ventilation, avoid exposure to the sun above 35 ℃, also should not be placed for a long time no light shade. In this way, the branches and leaves will wither or grow excessively, which will affect the ornamental value.
2. In the process of growth, in order to avoid the main stem inclining to one side, it is better to turn the basin once a half month to let the plants receive light evenly. In addition, the trunks of young trees are fragile and easy to bend and deform. Therefore, it is advisable to erect props to fix the trunks from the young trees.
3. Australian fir likes plenty of light, but avoid hot sun. Spring is the time for the growth and extraction of new stems and leaves, so sufficient light should be ensured, otherwise the new branches and leaves will be tall and thin, the distance between branches will be enlarged, and the plant type will not be compact, which will affect the beautiful tree shape.
4. When the light is not enough, the leaves of C. australis are easy to yellowing, drooping and even falling off. Therefore, it should be planted in the place with better light for cultivation and viewing in spring. In spring, the basin soil should be kept moist and fertilization should be paid attention to. When the height of Australian fir reaches a certain height, it should be less fertilized or not fertilized to inhibit its growth.
5. When the temperature is higher, the water consumption of Abies australis is larger, and the water content of basin soil is replenished by injecting exhausted water. When the soil is dry, the leaves in the lower layer droop and even turn yellow, and lose their ornamental value.
The method of root rot treatment was as follows
1. Timely ventilation to keep the cultivation environment dry.
2. Pay attention to the disinfection of cultivation substrate and flowerpot.
3. After transplantation, the twisted and rotten tissue on the top of the root was removed, and then the wound was sprayed with sucralen, dried and planted.
4. In the early stage of the disease, the ground part was sprayed with 1000 times of 50% carbendazim WP or 800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl WP every 10 days, and the underground part was irrigated with 400-600 times of 70% mancozeb WP for 2 to 3 times.
5. If Pythium is active, pulic, Tu Junling, yishuangling can be sprayed.