Osmanthus fragrans is also called yueyuegui. The biggest difference between it and other Osmanthus fragrans varieties is that it blooms all the year round. So how is the four season osmanthus cultivated? What good method is there in breeding? What should we pay attention to in breeding four seasons osmanthus? Please read with me with questions!
Breeding method of Osmanthus fragrans in spring or autumn, especially in cloudy or rainy days.
The best growing soil: the soil of sijigui is fertile and loose, slightly acidic and well irrigated.
Growth humidity requirements: Guisi should not only keep basin soil moist, but also not over waterlogging. Watering to see dry see wet, avoid water, so as to avoid rotten roots or leaves fall off. Especially when flowering, water should not be too much, so as not to cause bud drop and affect flowering.
The optimum growth temperature was 20-30 ℃.
The best growth light: Osmanthus fragrans cv. Guiguang in four seasons, indoor cultivation should be placed in a sunny and ventilated place, and the light should be maintained at 8-12 hours a day.
Notes on the cultivation of Osmanthus fragrans in blooming and bustling season: fertilizing: potted Osmanthus fragrans in summer should not be selected at noon or around noon, because the soil temperature in the basin is high, topdressing is easy to burn root system. It's better to fertilize in the evening and then water it. During the period of germination and budding, more diluted fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium should be applied to make the branches and buds grow healthily, especially in the days before flowering, the flowers will be big, colorful and fragrant.
Key points of watering: potted Osmanthus fragrans water is not dry do not water, pouring is pouring thoroughly.
(1) In summer, when the sun is scorching at noon, it is necessary to properly shade the sun and spray water at the same time to prevent burning of Cinnamomum cassia leaves in four seasons.
(2) Before flowering in autumn, the temperature begins to drop, so it is appropriate to reduce the irrigation water. Excessive watering often causes early bud dropping and affects flowering of potted Osmanthus fragrans.
(3) It is more important to keep soil and air moist before and after flowering of potted Osmanthus fragrans. More water should be sprayed on the leaf surface to increase the relative humidity of air, so as to facilitate the budding and flowering of Osmanthus fragrans.
(4) Water should be controlled in winter. Excessive watering will cause rotten roots, but not too little. Each time, the water should be poured thoroughly to prevent the root system from drying. If the soil is not well watered, the surface of the basin soil is moist, but the lower layer is dry and lack of water. It is commonly known as "waist water interception", and the leaf tip will become dry or even fall off, which will affect the safety of plants in winter. In winter, watering can be carried out in the sunshine around noon, so that the water temperature is close to the soil temperature, so that the root system of potted Osmanthus fragrans is less affected by low temperature stimulation.
Pruning Essentials: the shaping and pruning of potted Osmanthus fragrans should be started at the young stage. Potted Osmanthus fragrans is suitable for dry shaping.
1. Strong type: this type of tree has strong body, full branches, normal leaf color, and is in vigorous growth stage. The main problem is that the branches are too dense, there are many thin and weak branches, and the ventilation and light transmittance are poor. For this kind of plant, the weak branch, over dense branch and long branch can be cut off, and the diseased dead branch and cross branch should be cut off at the same time, so that the main branch and side branch are clear, and the branches are evenly distributed in a round head shape. Especially, the protruding branch (probe branch) around the crown should be cut off in time to keep the crown neat and perfect.
2. Diseased type: the tree vigor of this type is weak, the number of diseased and dead branches is more, the branches are thin and disordered, the growth of new shoots in the same year is very little; the leaves are thin and small, and the color is light; when turning over the basin in summer, there are few new roots. This type is mostly caused by diseases and insect pests. On the basis of maintaining the prototype, the pruning method is to cut and cut appropriately, remove the weak and retain the strong, and strictly strengthen the maintenance and management work to promote the emergence of new roots, so as to maintain the balance between the upper and lower parts, and achieve the purpose of restoring tree vigor and growth.
3. Old tree type: this type is the old four seasons osmanthus left over 50 years ago. In the past, it was often used for grafting and propagation, with more base branches. Therefore, the lower part of the crown was always bare without branches, and the main branches moved up, and even some old stems were decayed. In this type, the method of shrinking and pruning year by year can be used to press the trunk to promote the sprouting of new branches at the base, so as to achieve the purpose of rejuvenation.
Pot soil replacement: the pot should be turned every 2-3 years to remove the old soil, replace the new soil and basin, cut off the old roots, promote the development of new roots, and enhance the water absorption and fertilizer absorption capacity of potted Osmanthus fragrans. In addition to improving the nutritional conditions of the plant, the root diseases and insect pests of Osmanthus fragrans can be found and controlled in time. Pot turning should be carried out in late October or early March of the next year. If it is necessary to turn the basin in other seasons due to special circumstances, it needs careful maintenance. If the pot is turned inside the greenhouse in winter and in the shade in summer, it can survive well as long as it is carefully managed.
The fragrance of Osmanthus fragrans is slightly light
Breeding points:
(1) Softwood cuttings: the superior parent plants with good varieties, vigorous growth and no diseases and insect pests are selected for cutting, and the semi lignified twigs on the upper part of the crown are cut as cuttings. The cuttings should be cut into 2-3 cm and 1-2 leaves should be reserved at the top. The upper end of the scion was cut into a flat mouth, and the base was cut into an inclined plane, and the inclined plane should be smooth. The ear strips were soaked in 0.1% thiophanate methyl or carbendazim for 10 min for disinfection. Then the base was immersed in 50 mg NAA or 100 mg ABT Rooting Powder No. 1 solution, and the cuttings were taken out after 1 h, or soaked in 200 mg NAA for 10 min. After cutting, water in time to cover the film, sunscreen net or straw curtain. If there is no water drop in the film, the bed surface is dry and the surface soil is gray white, spray water to keep moisture in time, and water should be thoroughly watered, but not too much. After transplanting, the film was opened every 5-6 days to replenish water, and 0.1% thiophanate methyl or carbendazim was sprayed. Spray 2000 times carbendazim solution every 7 days. It is necessary to keep the permeability of the nursery to prevent the young roots of cuttings from decaying due to lack of oxygen; timely loosen the soil after rain to ensure that the soil is loose and breathable, which is conducive to rooting, but pay attention not to touch the cuttings. Spray 0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 10 days.
(2) High altitude layering: carve or ring peel the 12-year-old branches, and then wrap them with split bamboo tubes, flowerpots, thick paper tubes or plastic films, and fill the gaps with materials such as rice bran ash, moss, culture soil, perlite, etc., which are often kept moist, but the moisture is not easy to be too much, and the mother plant can be cut off after rooting. The inner diameter of the high-pressure bag made of plastic film is generally 4-5cm, and the length is 8-10cm. The area of cutting and girdling is below the node, where it is easy to take root, and the width of phloem is 1-2cm. It should be noted that the soil used for layering must be loose, moist and rich in organic matter, and it should be compacted with the layering. After layering, it should be kept moist. The soil should not be short of water and drought, otherwise it will affect the survival and rooting. In severe cold areas in winter, it is necessary to use straw and cotton wadding to protect against cold, so as to prevent the layering from freezing.
(3) Rootstock grafting: budding and grafting can be used.
Pest control:
Anthracnose of Osmanthus fragrans: select fertile and well drained soil or substrate to plant Osmanthus fragrans; increase the application of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer; plant density should be appropriate to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, reduce leaf surface humidity and reduce the occurrence of disease.
Scientific use of chemical control. In the early stage of the disease, the Bordeaux solution of 1:2:200 times can be sprayed, and then 1000 times of 50% carbendazim WP or 1000 to 1500 times of 50% benazepam WP can be sprayed later. In the seriously ill area, the seedlings should be soaked and disinfected with 1000 times potassium permanganate solution.
Four season Osmanthus fragrans is also called yueyuegui. The experience of breeding sijigui is as follows: (1) Osmanthus fragrans should be planted in a well ventilated, well drained and warm place with sufficient light or half shade. To ensure the survival rate of transplanting, soil ball should be played well. The planting soil should be acid and alkali soil should be avoided.
(2) The seeds have the function of late ripening. They should be stored in sand for at least half a year. After harvesting, the seeds should be sprayed with water and retted to remove the pulp. The seeds should be stored in a cool place and dried naturally. After sand storage, the seeds can be sown in autumn or spring.