Peanut is a kind of nut with rich yield and widely edible in China, also known as "evergreen fruit" and "groundnut". China is distributed in Shanxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and other regions. It is distributed in Asia, Africa, America, Brazil, Egypt, Paraguay, Indonesia, Senegal, Sudan, Nigeria, Zaire and Argentina.
Because of the different weather conditions in different regions, the planting time of green peanut is different.
1. Southern peanuts can be sown two seasons a year.
(1) Spring is sown around March of the lunar calendar, with more fruits in spring than in autumn.
(2) The sowing time of Autumn Peanut should be in the first ten days of August when the altitude is lower, and in the last ten days of July when the altitude is higher. If the dry slope land is used for planting, it should be planted in advance to reduce the impact of autumn drought.
2. In the north of China, most of the varieties are of multi grain type, while in the north of China, most of the varieties are of common type. The most suitable sowing time of peanut and flower production area in North China is from late April to early May.
Precautions for knowledge expansion of peanut and peanut in the Plantation:
1. Sowing at the right time of spring flowers can improve the utilization rate of land and light energy, make the plants grow short and strong, with dense internode, many branches, good root growth, more dry matter accumulation, more flowers and fruits, high fruit filling rate, and easy to meet the requirements of high yield and quality.
2. If the seeds are sown too early, they will not germinate normally due to the low temperature, and will sprout slowly, which will increase the chance of soil diseases and insect pests. The seedling rate is low, and the growth of seedlings is poor, which will affect the differentiation and development of flower buds. However, if the seeds are sowed too late, the southern production area will be in the high temperature and rainy environment, and the peanuts are prone to grow in vain and fall down, with few pods.
3. The middle and North peanut, especially the common peanut, often encounter drought and low temperature in autumn during the period of podding and maturity, which affect the development of pods and the accumulation of nutrients, resulting in low rate of full fruit, low rate of kernel and oil content, and lower yield and quality. For interplanting or summer sowing of peanuts, the crops should adopt early maturing varieties and early sowing to avoid the yield reduction caused by too late sowing of peanuts.
Growth habit:
1. Peanuts are annual herbs. It only takes a little more than a month from sowing to flowering, but the flowering period is more than two months. Its flowers are solitary or clustered in the axils of the leaves. Each peanut has one or two hundred flowers less and thousands more.
2. After the flowering and pollination of peanut, the ovary stalk at the base of ovary is continuously extended, and a fruit needle is grown from the withered flower tube, which is purple. The fruiting needle elongates rapidly longitudinally. It first grows upward, and a few days later, the ovary stalk drops to the ground. In the process of extension, the cuticle cells of ovary handle are lignified to protect the young fruit needles from entering the soil.
3. When the fruit needle is 5-6cm deep in the soil, the ovary begins to lie horizontally, becomes fat and white, and the body surface grows hairy, which can directly absorb water and various nutrients for the needs of growth and development. One by one, the seeds form one after another, the epidermis gradually shrinks, and the pods gradually mature, forming the peanut fruits we see.
4. The above ground flowering and under ground fruiting is an inherent genetic characteristic of peanut, which is also the result of long-term adaptation to special environment. Peanuts like the dark, humid and mechanical environment when they bear fruit. These factors have become indispensable for pod growth and development. Therefore, in order to survive and spread, it has to extend the ovary into the soil to bear fruit.