Straw mushroom is the third largest cultivated edible fungus in the world. It has rich nutrition and delicious taste. Its output ranks first in the world. So how is straw mushroom planted? Let's go and find out!
Cultivation methods of straw mushroom cultivation (basic knowledge): the best breeding time: the cultivation time in the South using natural temperature is from late May to mid September of the Gregorian calendar. It is suitable to cultivate in June to July in northern China.
Best growing soil: straw mushroom is a saprophytic fungus, which must absorb nutrients from dead plants and soil. Straw, cottonseed shell and other raw materials without mildew and deterioration should be selected for cultivation of straw mushroom. Wet grass without drying is easy to rot and should not be used. In addition, waste cotton, bagasse, green thatch and peanut vine can be used as raw materials for cultivating straw mushroom.
Growth humidity requirements: straw mushroom is a kind of fungus that likes high temperature and high humidity environment. The optimum moisture content of the culture material is about 70%, the optimum air humidity in the mycelial growth stage is about 80%, and the air relative humidity in the fruiting body growth stage is required to be more than 90%.
Optimum growth temperature: Volvariella volvacea belongs to high-temperature fungus. The temperature range of mycelial growth is 10-42 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 28-32 ℃. When it is 10 ℃, it stops growing. When it is higher than 45 ℃ and lower than 5 ℃, Volvariella volvacea mycelium will die.
The best growth light: the germination of basidiospores and the growth of mycelium of Volvariella volvacea do not need light, but direct sunlight will hinder the growth of mycelium. Light can promote the formation of fruiting body. The formation of fruiting bodies requires a certain amount of scattered light, and the most suitable light intensity is 300-350 lux.
Precautions for planting and breeding straw mushroom: fertilizer application:
The results show that glucose, fructose, sucrose, peptone, asparagine and glutamyl ammonia are good carbon and nitrogen sources of Volvariella volvacea, and rice straw, waste cotton and bagasse are the main materials for cultivating Volvariella volvacea. The analysis showed that asparagine and glutamyl ammonia were abundant in waste cotton, accounting for 1 / 3 of the total amino acids. It can be seen that waste cotton is an ideal material for cultivating straw mushroom. However, the nitrogen content of waste cotton is different, between 0.25-1.45%, while the nitrogen content of straw mushroom culture material is 0.6-1%. Soybean flour supplementation can increase yield.
Key points of watering:
The growth of Volvariella volvacea needs a lot of water. If the water is insufficient during pile planting or the water is not replenished in time after mushroom picking; If the grass cover is too thin and the moisturizing performance is poor, it will lead to the wilting of small mushrooms. After sowing, before the hyphae grow full to form needle mushroom, if the water is not enough, you can replenish heavy water once; Make up the water after the head tide mushroom is finished, and spray water on the grass quilt in sunny days to prevent water evaporation in the material.
At the same time, straw mushroom has certain requirements for water temperature. For example, spray well water of about 20 ℃ or surface water of more than 40 ℃ in direct sunlight, and all the small mushrooms will wilt and die the next day. Water spraying should be carried out in the morning and evening, and the water temperature should be about 30 ℃.
Breeding points:
Volvariella volvacea is mainly spore reproduction.
When the material temperature drops to about 35 ℃, it can be sown. Sowing methods include on-demand sowing, drill sowing and sowing. However, in practice, the effect of on-demand and sowing is better. The distance of on-demand hole is about 10cm and the depth is 3-5cm. Sprinkle about 1 / 5 of the bacteria on the surface of the material and gently flatten it with a wooden board. Sowing can also be adopted, that is, sowing in layers. Each layer with a paving thickness of about 5cm is sown, and finally capped with strains. Generally, 300-400 bottles (750ml) of strains are required for 100m2 cultivation area.
Pest control:
1. Green mold.
Prevention and treatment method: use Carbendazim and lime powder to directly sprinkle on the location of the disease. If the disease is serious, dig out the culture material of the disease, and then sprinkle lime or carbendazim on the edge of the excavated location to prevent spread.
2. Mold. It is mainly caused by excessive indoor air humidity and high water content of culture material.
Prevention and treatment method: ventilation is the main prevention. Once it occurs, the diseased culture material must be excavated, and then lime powder must be sprinkled on the excavated edge.
3. Pests. Mainly mites, mushroom mosquitoes and mushroom flies.
Control method: it is best to add a certain concentration of trichlorfon in the stacking of materials for prevention. After the materials are fed into the room, the medicine can also be applied when the pressurized bacteria water is sprayed again. After that, it can not be sprayed on the culture materials, but can only be sprayed on the ground and walls.
Expand knowledge of straw mushroom planting - people who eat straw mushroom: suitable people:
The general population can be eaten, and it is also a good food for diabetics.
Should: stomach diseases, including chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer should be eaten; Those with weak constitution, malnutrition and neurasthenia should eat; Cancer patients, especially those with esophageal cancer, cardiac cancer and gastric cancer, should eat; Patients with cardiovascular disease should eat.
Bogey: Hericium erinaceus is good for tonifying deficiency and strengthening stomach.
Unsuitable crowd:
Straw mushroom is cold in nature. People with deficiency of spleen and stomach should not eat it. In addition, both fresh and dry products should not be soaked for too long.