It's time to eat fruit again. If you want to ask what fruit is delicious, it must be melon! There are many kinds of melons, and their fruits change greatly. After eating the fruits, their fruits can be used as fruits or vegetables; Melon stems and seeds can be used as medicine to kill many birds with one stone. So how is melon planted? Let's go and have a look!
Melon planting technology melon breeding method (basic knowledge): best breeding time:
Greenhouse melon: seed sowing in the first and middle of January; Melon in small arch shed: sown in mid and late February.
Best growing soil:
Melon does not have strict requirements for soil, but sandy loam with deep soil layer, good permeability and not easy to ponding is the most suitable. Melon has premature aging in the later stage of growth, and sandy soil is suitable for early maturing cultivation; The sticky heavy soil is suitable for late maturing cultivation because the ground temperature rises slowly in early spring. The suitable soil for melon is ph5.5-8.0. The over acid and over alkali soil should be improved before melon cultivation.
Growth humidity requirements:
The suitable air relative humidity for the growth and development of melon is 50% ~ 60%. The melon cultivated in dry air has high sweetness and strong flavor.
Optimum growth temperature:
Melon likes temperature and heat resistance, but it is not cold resistant. The seed germination temperature shall be 15-37 ℃, and the open field sowing in early spring shall be stable above 15 ℃ to avoid seed rot. The optimum temperature for plant growth is 25-30 ℃, and it can grow at 14-45 ℃. The optimum temperature for flowering is 25 ℃, and the optimum temperature for fruit ripening is 30 ℃. The temperature difference between day and night has a great impact on the quality of melon. The large temperature difference between day and night is conducive to the accumulation of sugar and the improvement of fruit quality.
Optimum growth light:
Melon likes light and needs 10-12 hours of light every day to maintain normal growth and development. Therefore, melon cultivation land should be far away from villages and forests to avoid shade. Plastic film and glass with high transparency and no water droplets shall be used as far as possible in protected cultivation.
Melon planting technology precautions for melon breeding: fertilizer application:
For every 1000 kg of melon, about 2.5 ~ 3.5 kg of nitrogen, 1.3 ~ 1.7 kg of phosphorus and 4.4 ~ 6.8 kg of potassium are required. The absorption of nitrogen and potassium was about 16 ~ 17 days after melon, and the absorption peak of phosphorus was later than that of nitrogen and potassium. General base fertilizer should account for 1 / 2 ~ 2 / 3 of the total fertilization, and concentrated ditch application or hole application. Good response to organic fertilizer. The available components of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil should be 15, 10 and 80 ppm respectively at seedling stage; The optimum results were 25, 20 and 100 ppm. In addition, it is sensitive to elements such as calcium, magnesium and boron and should be applied as appropriate.
Key points of watering:
The transpiration coefficient of muskmelon is high (600 ~ 800), and 70% of the soil field capacity should be maintained from seedling stage to fruit setting stage; Results 80 ~ 85% in the first and middle stage; The fruit ripening period is 60 ~ 55%. If there is too much soil water in the early stage, the stems and leaves are too long and the fruit setting is delayed; The water requirement was the most in fruit expansion stage; The soil moisture should not be too much at maturity to avoid delaying maturity and reducing the sugar content, flavor and storage tolerance of fruits. The relative humidity of melon skin is 60-60%, which is more suitable for long-term infection.
Pruning Essentials:
Sweet melon seed vine and grandson vine can bear melons, and grandson vine is mainly used in production. Double vine pruning is adopted, that is, when the seedling has 4-5 true leaves, leave 4 true leaves for the main vine to pick the heart. After the child vine extends, select and leave 2 strong child vines, and remove the rest. When it grows to 6-10 true leaves, pick the heart of the child vine, and leave 3-4 sun vines for the whole plant. After the sun vine has female flowers, leave 2 leaves on the flowers to pick the heart. If there are no female flowers, remove the child vine in time, and remove all other branches, It is better to keep 2-3 melons in the whole plant.
Breeding points:
Melon propagation, direct seeding or seedling raising. The direct seeding shall be carried out after the ground temperature of 10cm is stabilized at 15 ℃. Direct seeding with dried seeds or buds. Early maturing cultivation can be covered with plastic film, direct seeding or seedling transplanting in advance. It is better to raise seedlings in nutrient bowl, when the seedling age is 30 ~ 35 days and 3 ~ 5 real leaves are planted. In order to prevent soil diseases, pumpkin, bottle gourd or disease resistant melon can be used as rootstocks for grafting cultivation. The planting density depends on variety characteristics and pruning methods. For example, Xinjiang medium and late maturing large fruit thick skin melon adopts double vine pruning, 450 ~ 700 plants per mu; Early maturing small fruit type varieties, single vine pruning, 1000 ~ 1500 plants per mu. Most of them are planted in wide and narrow rows.
Pest control:
Main diseases: downy mildew, powdery mildew, Fusarium wilt, vine blight, anthrax, blight, etc. (see cucumber), as well as bacterial angular spot and virus disease (see vegetable diseases).
Pests: melon aphid, yellow guard melon, root maggot, ground tiger, etc. (see vegetable pests).
Expansion of melon planting technology - taboo of eating melon: raw melon pulp can quench thirst and clear dryness, which can eliminate halitosis, but the melon stalk is toxic. If you eat too much raw, you will be poisoned. According to the identification of relevant experts, all kinds of cantaloupes contain rich nutrients such as malic acid, glucose, amino acids, beet eggplant and vitamin C, and have good curative effects on infectious high fever and thirst. Melon is sweet in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic, homing and stomach meridian. It has the effects of clearing heat and relieving summer heat, eliminating annoyance, quenching thirst and diuresis. It is used for chest and diaphragm tightness caused by summer heat, loss of appetite, annoyance and thirst, heat knot in bladder, adverse urination, etc.
Melon is also called sweet melon or cantaloupe. It is a summer fruit, and its nutritional value is comparable to that of watermelon. According to the determination, except that the content of water and protein of melon is lower than that of watermelon, other nutrients are no less than that of watermelon, while the content of aromatic substances, minerals, sugar and vitamin C is significantly higher than that of watermelon. Traditional Chinese medicine confirms that melon has the remarkable effect of "relieving summer heat, relieving thirst and urinating". Due to the cold nature of melon, such as vomiting blood, hemoptysis, duodenal and gastric ulcer, chronic enteritis, deficiency cold of spleen and stomach, cold accumulation, abdominal distention or abdominal pain, diarrhea, frequent urination, heart disease, etc. Normal and healthy people should not eat a lot often. Because melon has a lot of water, eating too much in the stomach will dilute the gastric juice, hurt the stomach and cause dyspepsia or abdominal pain and diarrhea