White gourd is a kind of vegetable with both medicine and food. It has a variety of health effects. Cantonese like to cook a pot of white gourd soup in hot summer to relieve summer heat and thirst. So how is wax gourd cultivated? Let's go and have a look!
Planting methods of white gourd breeding methods of white gourd (basic knowledge): the best breeding time: spring planting and sowing period is from December to march of the next year, and autumn planting and sowing period is from June to July;
The best growing soil: wax gourd has wide adaptability to soil, and can grow from sandy soil to clayey soil. It is suitable to use sandy loam or clay with deep soil layer;
Growth humidity requirements: wax gourd has large leaf area, strong transpiration and needs more water, but too large or too small air humidity is not conducive to pollination, fruit setting and fruit development;
The best growth temperature: the growth and development temperature of white gourd should be above 25 ℃, it still grows well at 30 ℃, it is very sensitive to low temperature, and it will be frozen below 5 ℃;
Optimum growth light: white gourd is a short day crop. Short sunshine and low temperature are conducive to flower bud differentiation, but long sunshine and sufficient light are also required in the whole growth period. In the fruiting period, if there is long-term rain and low temperature, flower falling, melon melting and rotten melon will occur.
Planting method of white gourd precautions for breeding white gourd: fertilizer application:
Wax gourd needs more fertilizer and water. In order to obtain high yield, we must apply sufficient base fertilizer and continue topdressing. When starting the border, open a ditch in the middle of the border and apply rotten pig manure, cow manure, peanut bran and wool fertilizer as the base fertilizer. About 1000 kg can be applied every 667 square meters. If the farm fertilizer is insufficient, 40 kg of compound fertilizer and 25 kg of phosphorus fertilizer can be applied as the base fertilizer. Before planting (or on-demand sowing), open holes, and apply 1 ~ 2kg of rotten farm fertilizer to each hole. Mix well and then plant, so that the seedling roots can quickly absorb nutrients and promote growth and development. Topdressing should be carried out according to the needs of the plant, and the principle of light before heavy, light to thick should be mastered. The key forced fertilization should be carried out from manshang shed to melon harvest, when the melon weighs about 5kg. Pay attention to "four noes" when topdressing: 1. Do not topdress before heavy rain; 2. Do not apply immediately after heavy rain; 3. Do not apply partial nitrogen fertilizer, and pay attention to the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; 4. Do not drench the fertilizer solution on the plant head, otherwise the plant absorption effect is poor, waste fertilizer and cause diseases.
Key points of watering:
White gourd requires more water. During the seedling stage, water should be sprayed in the morning and evening in sunny and warm weather. In cold weather, irrigation should be appropriately reduced. Melon vines need more water after they are put into the shed. In addition to spraying water once a day, the border pit should always maintain a water level of 7 ~ 10cm deep in sunny days, and the pit water should be drained in rainy days. In short, we should always keep the soil not wet. We should control the water 10 days before harvesting the fruit to facilitate storage.
Pruning Essentials:
Wax gourd pruning generally only leaves the main vine cultivation, with about 24 leaves or after the second female flower opens, with 2 ~ 3 melons per plant. After the second or third melon sits firmly, leave 4 ~ 5 leaves behind the melon, remove the top bud, knock off the old leaves, and cut off the side branches and axillary buds; For the cultivation of main and auxiliary vine, the position of main vine is the same as that of melon. When the side vine has about 20 leaves, melon shall be kept. The timely pruning and sharpening of winter melon vine will directly affect the harvest and quality of winter melon.
Breeding points:
Winter melon is planted and sown from December to march of the next year in spring and from June to July in autumn. It is better to transplant seedlings in spring, which is conducive to cold prevention; For autumn planting, it is better to use bud sowing. For seedling transplantation, seeds must be soaked to promote germination, and seedlings shall be raised in a nutrient bowl. After the real leaves are expanded, they shall be moved to the field for planting in sunny and warm weather. After seed soaking and germination, autumn planting can be sown on demand to the field, usually with a seed amount of 750-1500kg / hm2.
The nutrient soil required for seedling raising in nutrient bowl shall be prepared in advance. It can be mixed with roasted and screened fertile garden soil or fire mud ash, rotten pig, cow dung residue, grain shell ash, etc. The volume ratio of the three is about 6:2:2. In addition, a small amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can be added. The addition amount is generally controlled at 0.2% - 0.3%, and it is required to be mixed evenly. After sowing and before emergence, pay attention to watering, but do not have too much water to prevent retting and rotten roots. Just keep the soil moist.
Planting method of white gourd
Pest control:
1. Epidemic disease: when the temperature is above 20 ℃, it is rainy, foggy, high humidity, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and planting susceptible varieties, the disease is serious. Seedlings often start from the leaf tip, early dark green water stains. In the adult stage, the disease mainly occurs in the tender stem and node, water stains, softening and constriction, the leaves above the affected part wilt, the disease spots on the fruit head sag and constrict, and there is white mold when the humidity is high.
Prevention and control methods: put prevention first, and start spraying at the seedling stage. The chemicals include 500 times dilution of 58% ruituomycin manganese zinc wettable powder, 300 times dilution of 64% chlorphenate wettable powder, 400 times dilution of 72% pulike water agent and 600 times dilution of 305 copper oxychloride suspension. Spray twice every 7-10 days and use them alternately.
2. Fusarium wilt: when the temperature is above 25 ℃, rainy or alternating cold and warm, planting susceptible varieties or not paying attention to rotation will cause the epidemic of the disease: seeds, fertilizers and soil are the primary infection sources, mainly soil: when the disease occurs at the seedling stage, the stems and petioles turn brown, and the edges of leaves turn black brown and curl. In the adult stage, the longitudinal brown spot of the stem can extend to several sections, the basal leaves turn yellow and expand upward, the vascular bundles of the root and stem turn brown, and the whole plant wilts and droops.
Control methods: plant disease resistant varieties, strengthen field management, apply sufficient base fertilizer, rotate between flood and drought, and timely pull out diseased plants to prevent spread; For pesticide control, it can be sprayed with 1000 times dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 1500 times dilution of 70% methyltobuzin wettable powder.
3. Anthrax: it occurs seriously in hot and rainy seasons, damaging leaves, stems and fruits. When injured, the leaves have primary yellowish white circular spots, turn brown later, have concentric circular lines, and are easy to break when dry. The diseased spot of the fruit is sunken and the center is cracked.
Control methods: select high border planting on land with good drainage and irrigation, and remove diseased leaves and fruits; Spray the medicine in time, including 750-1000 times dilution of 70% methyltobuzin wettable powder, 500 times dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 400 times dilution of 40% methomyl suspension and 500 times dilution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder.
Wax gourd flowering
4. Virus disease: it is easy to occur in the season of drought, high temperature and many aphids.
Control methods: select varieties of disease resistant or disease resistant varieties, apply basal fertilizer, enhance the disease resistance of plants, spray insecticide to kill aphids, so as to prevent the spread of virus, and can be sprayed with 20% A 500 times diluent.
5. Powdery mildew: it occurs seriously when the temperature is 16-24 ~ C, the humidity is high in the morning and evening, and the ventilation conditions are poor. Bacteria are mainly spread by air flow, followed by rain. The disease damages leaves, petioles and fruits.
Control methods: select disease resistant varieties and avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer; In the early stage of the disease, spray medicine in time. You can use 1000 times dilution of 25% Triadimefon wettable powder, 150 times dilution of sulfur colloidal suspension, or 100-150 times dilution of 50% colloidal sulfur. Spray once every 7-10 days and use it alternately for 3 consecutive times.
6. Thrips: more than 20 generations a year. Adults and nymphs focus on sucking the juice of young leaves, flowers and young leaves, so that the young leaves are atrophic and clustered, the affected fruit antler hair is black, the epidermis is is rough, and it is in the shape of rust Brown scar, resulting in fruit drop, which seriously affects the quality and yield.
Control methods: the use of film mulching cultivation can significantly reduce the damage; It mainly focuses on prevention and control. In the initial stage, spray the pesticide with 400 times dilution of 25% insecticidal double agent or 2000 times dilution of 98% Badan raw powder, or apply 500-700g of insecticidal double agent and 10kg of mixed mud powder at the root, and apply it next to the plant in three ditches.
7. Aphid: sucking plant juice with adults and nymphs, causing plant leaf curling and atrophy, and can spread viral diseases. Film mulching cultivation can significantly reduce the damage.
Chemical control: 50% avoid aphid mist wettable powder 200 times diluent, or 40% Omethoate emulsifiable concentrate 800 times diluent, or 800 grams of aphid star diluted spray alternately.
8. Huang shougua: overwintering adults fly to the seedlings in mid March. Adults eat leaves.
Control method: spray 90% times of 800 fold dilution of dichlorvos, or 500 times dilution of dichlorvos EC.