What are the commonly used oral hypoglycemic drugs for diabetics? Diabetics need to take hypoglycemic drugs when their blood sugar is not controlled through diet treatment and moderate exercise. Medicine is an important method of treatment. Only on the basis of diet control and exercise therapy can it play its due effect. There are many kinds of drugs. Patients with diabetes should not choose and use drugs without authorization. They must abide by the doctor's advice, take them regularly and quantitatively through scientific compatibility, and choose them reasonably according to their condition, so as to reduce or avoid the occurrence of adverse reactions.
Types and characteristics of oral hypoglycemic drugs
Insulin secretagogues
Characteristics of sulfonylureas: the varieties include glibenclamide, glipizide, gliclazide, Gliquidone, glimepiride, etc. It can reduce blood sugar by stimulating islet beta; cells to produce insulin. For the patients with complete destruction of islet function, the effect of this kind of drugs is not good. This kind of medicine takes effect slowly, so it is generally taken half an hour before meal, and the action time of this kind of medicine is long, which is easy to cause hypoglycemia.
Characteristics of non sulfonylurea drugs: the main varieties are repaglinide (novolone), Nateglinide (Tangli). These drugs also stimulate insulin secretion of islet beta; cells, belonging to ultra short acting drugs. It should be taken orally immediately before meals, and can play a role within one hour. The hypoglycemic effect lasts for a short time. For patients with complete destruction of islet function or failure of sulfonylureas, the therapeutic effect of this kind of drugs is poor, and the hypoglycemic reaction is less than that of sulfonylureas.
Biguanides
Varieties of metformin hydrochloride, phenformin (Jiangtangling) has been less used. It mainly inhibits the decomposition of liver glycogen and increases the sensitivity of insulin in peripheral tissues (such as muscle). Using this kind of medicine alone will not cause hypoglycemia, but can cause gastrointestinal discomfort and reduce appetite, so it can reduce weight. This kind of medicine is especially suitable for obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin (such as gehuazhi) is better, but it is not suitable for patients with respiratory diseases and poor liver and kidney function who are prone to hypoxia.
Glucosidase inhibitors
The main varieties are acarbose, acarbose and voglibose, which can inhibit the o-c-glucosidase in the small intestine, so that carbohydrates in food can not be decomposed into single glucose in this intestinal cavity, thus delaying the intestinal absorption of glucose and reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. This kind of medicine should be taken at the first meal. The use of this kind of drugs alone will not cause hypoglycemia, but some people may have abdominal distension and mild diarrhea and other reactions in the early stage of taking medicine. For example, first use a small dose, gradually increase the dose, 2-3 weeks later, the small intestine & alpha; - glucosidase is gradually induced by the carbohydrate in the chyme and resuscitates, then the whole small intestine begins to absorb glucose, at this time, the symptoms of abdominal distension can be improved or disappeared.
Insulin sensitizers
The main varieties are Avandia (rosiglitazone) or etiglitazone (pioglitazone), which mainly increases the sensitivity of tissue cells to insulin, and has good effect on patients with insulin resistance. This kind of medicine is taken once a day for a fixed time. The use of this kind of medicine alone will not cause hypoglycemia, but we should pay attention to its adverse effects on the liver, so we must check the liver function regularly during the medication.
How to choose hypoglycemic drugs
Mainly according to each person's different situation, the length of illness to choose the above drugs. Obese people should choose drugs that do not increase weight and stimulate insulin secretion, such as biguanides and glucosidase inhibitors, or they can be combined. In addition, most obese patients have insulin resistance, and insulin sensitizers such as rosiglitazone or pioglitazone can be used. Sulfonylureas or insulin secretagogues can be added when the above treatment is not satisfactory. Non obese people can choose some drugs with stronger effect, such as mepyridine and glimepiride, while older people with chronic diseases should choose some drugs with weaker effect, such as damec and tangshiping. Tangshiping is mainly excreted from intestines and can be used in patients with mild renal insufficiency. Repaglinide and nateglinide are mainly excreted from the intestine and can be used in patients with mild & lsquo; renal impairment.
The reasons for poor control of blood glucose are very complex, including the time of eating, intake, type of food, number of meals, time, mode and degree of exercise, type of hypoglycemic drugs, combination of drugs, drug dosage, whether the recent special situation has an impact on blood glucose and other factors. We should find out the specific problems in order to put forward the correct treatment plan. The more detailed the diabetes monitoring records are, the more they can reflect the real situation of the disease, and the more targeted the treatment can be. It is irresponsible to do monitoring only occasionally or not. The consequences are self-evident. It is responsible to treat the disease seriously and scientifically.
After reading the above content, we should have some understanding of the common oral hypoglycemic drugs for diabetics. More topics about diabetes and health will be introduced in the following article. Welcome to check. Wish you a happy life!