How does heart valve patient nurse after operation? Experts said: for patients with valvular heart disease, valve replacement can effectively improve heart function and quality of life. However, operation is only the first step of treatment. Patients should strictly follow the six precautions after operation, so as to consolidate the operation effect and avoid the occurrence of various complications.
The patients were fully rested within 3 months after operation
In general, the patient can be discharged one week after valve replacement. After returning home, patients generally need to rest for 3 to 6 months. Three months after operation is an important stage to recover the surgical trauma and stabilize the functions of various systems and organs. During this period, patients should have a full rest to avoid catching a cold. Life should be regular, not too tired and excited. Can be appropriate activities (such as walking, do a little housework, etc.), but if there is panic, shortness of breath and other discomfort in the activities, should immediately rest, and reduce the amount of activity.
Generally speaking, patients can take a shower 2 weeks after the operation. When taking a bath, they should pay attention to avoid catching cold and do not rub the wound. After taking a bath, they should use disinfectant to clean the wound. If you find abnormal symptoms such as exudation, redness and swelling, you should go to the hospital immediately. As the healing time of sternum is generally about 3 months, the patients should avoid chest expansion in the early postoperative period, and do not lift heavy objects or hold children. In addition, the patient should not drive within 3 months after surgery.
3 ~ 6 months after operation, it gradually returned to normal
If the recovery is smooth and no complications occur, the patient can gradually increase the amount of activity (with the degree of 'no panic, shortness of breath') from 3 months after the operation until he gradually returns to normal working and living conditions. In the process of rehabilitation, patients should always keep a happy mood and optimistic, positive attitude, not impatient, not too worried. At the same time, don't suddenly increase the amount of activity or work load because of a whim or eager for success, so as to avoid the damage of heart function.
Light diet, quitting smoking and drinking
After discharge, patients can gradually return to normal diet according to their own dietary habits, and properly strengthen nutrition to promote wound healing. Of course, "strengthening nutrition" does not mean eating delicacies or tonics every day, but eating more nutritious and digestible foods, such as lean meat, fish, eggs, fruits and seasonal vegetables. " Patients with valve replacement usually have no special contraindications, but some foods (such as spinach, tomato, pig liver, etc.) are rich in vitamin K, which may interfere with anticoagulant therapy, so they should avoid eating in large quantities. In addition, in order to avoid aggravating the burden on the heart, patients should not eat too salty food, and should never drink or smoke. Patients with poor cardiac function should also limit the amount of drinking water, do not eat a lot of porridge and soup.
Take the medicine according to the doctor's advice
Because most patients with valve replacement have a certain degree of heart function damage, the operation is undoubtedly a heavy blow to their fragile heart. In order to protect and improve cardiac function, patients should not stop taking medicine suddenly after operation, but should take medicine strictly according to the doctor's advice. At the same time, patients should also pay close attention to their urine volume changes, observe whether there is edema or limbs heavy feeling, but also monitor their own pulse, if the pulse is less than 60 times per minute, should stop taking digoxin. Generally speaking, patients need to take medicine for 3 months after operation, and then gradually reduce the dosage under the guidance of doctors according to the re examination situation. Before stopping the drug, the patient must go to the hospital for reexamination and must not stop the drug without authorization.
Insist on anticoagulant therapy
There are two kinds of artificial valves, one is biological valve, the other is mechanical valve. Because the prosthetic valve is a kind of "foreign body" to the heart, blood is easy to coagulate on the prosthetic valve, which leads to thromboembolism (such as cerebral infarction) or prosthetic valve dysfunction. Therefore, all patients with valve replacement need anticoagulation therapy. Generally speaking, patients with bioprosthetic valve replacement need to take aspirin and clopidogrel orally for 6 months, and then the drug can be stopped gradually. Patients with mechanical valve replacement and atrial fibrillation need anticoagulant (warfarin) for life. Visit the hospital regularly
After valve replacement, the patient should go to the hospital regularly for reexamination, so that the doctor can know the recovery situation in time and adjust the treatment plan. It should be reminded that patients must keep the discharge summary after discharge. During reexamination, the patient should bring the discharge summary and various examination reports, such as X-ray chest film, electrocardiogram, test sheet, etc., and give a detailed introduction to the doctor about his recovery, such as the current amount of activity (such as how many floors he can go up, how many kilometers he can walk, etc.), what kind of work and physical activities he can engage in, what discomfort he usually has, what diet he has, and how much urine he can make every day, Recently, whether to go to the hospital for examination, what medicine to take, dosage and method of taking, etc., so that the doctor can comprehensively evaluate the condition at the present stage and guide the next treatment. Generally speaking, six months, one year and every year after the operation, patients need to review echocardiography in order to understand the degree of cardiac function recovery and the function of artificial valve.
[special reminder]
Eight signals of aggravation
China is one of the countries with high incidence of rheumatic heart disease. Rheumatic heart disease most often involves the heart valve, can damage the heart function. Once diagnosed with valvular heart disease, the patient should be operated as far as possible before the heart function is seriously damaged. At present, valve replacement surgery is very mature, but the patient should pay special attention to the following eight points after surgery
1. Infection of any part of the body.
2. Fever of unknown origin.
3. sudden shortness of breath, obvious palpitation, shortness of breath, or foaming blood phlegm.
4. Sudden weight gain, edema or ankle swelling.
5. Subcutaneous hemorrhage, hematuria and other bleeding symptoms.
6. The sclera and the whole skin were yellow.
7. New arrhythmia.
8. Sudden facial numbness, temporary blindness or monocular vision loss, numbness of one limb, dyskinesia, sudden syncope, limb pain, cyanosis, pallor, etc.
After reading the above content, you should have some understanding of how to care for patients after heart valve surgery. More topics about postoperative care for patients with heart valve surgery will be introduced in the following article. Welcome to check. Wish you a happy life!