"End of China Science and Technology Association's top ten" Annual Report
4hw.com.cn on the 17th, the China Association for science and technology held a "Canon & middot; 2019 science popularization China" activity in Beijing, where a number of science and technology field evaluation results were released, among which the top ten 'science' rumor ending list of the most concerned in 2019 was also released. The top ten scientific rumors that made it to the end of the scientific rumor list are:
1. 5g base station radiation will have a great impact on human body
Rumor content: an Internet celebrity claimed that 5g base station density is extremely high, because it is millimeter wave, the vibration frequency is high, and some vibration frequencies of water and oxygen molecules may resonate. According to his own physical knowledge, 5g base station is very harmful to human body.
Content of refutation: first of all, radiation is a way of energy transmission. The earth itself is a large magnetic field. The lightning, thunder and sunspot activities in nature will produce electromagnetic radiation, which is accompanied by the whole process of life generation and evolution. In daily life, radio station, microwave oven, induction cooker, computer, television and hair dryer are all the emission sources of electromagnetic wave. It can be said that electric field radiation has been an inseparable part of people's life. Secondly, the electromagnetic radiation energy of mobile phone and base station is small, which can not break DNA strand. It belongs to non ionizing radiation, which is completely different from X-ray and nuclear radiation. It is mainly thermal effect. Moreover, the modern wireless communication technology adopts the up and down power intelligent control technology, so the more communication base stations, the better the effect of mobile phone communication, and the smaller the electromagnetic radiation of mobile phone and base station. Finally, according to the national standard, the electromagnetic radiation of communication base station should be less than 40 MW / cm2. In the actual implementation, considering the superposition of different wireless communication signals, the project construction will be controlled within 8 MW / cm2.
2. The radiation of China's high-speed rail is serious
Rumor content: since the birth of domestic high-speed rail, there has been a serious radiation problem. Sitting on high-speed rail is equivalent to X-ray, and the greatest harm to people is to destroy the female reproductive system.
Refute the rumor content: China's high-speed railway trains, the use of electricity is generally 25000 volts, 50 hertz alternating current. The electromagnetic radiation generated by high-voltage power equipment of high-speed railway belongs to 'extremely low-frequency electromagnetic radiation'. It is a non ionizing radiation, which is completely different from the ionizing radiation of X-ray in hospital. Therefore, the saying that "sitting on the high-speed rail equals X-ray" is misleading. Where there is electricity, there is radiation. Ordinary trains and subways have radiation. Cell phones and Shavers have radiation. Sunlight also has radiation. As long as the radiation is within a safe value, it will not affect people. According to the International Commission on non ionizing radiation protection, the safety standard of magnetic field radiation generated by high-speed railway is less than 100 microtesla (magnetic induction intensity unit), and the safety standard of electric field radiation is less than 5 kV / m. Professionals of Beijing Railway Administration have specially measured the electric field radiation in the high-speed railway carriage and published the measured data. The electric field radiation value of different vehicle types in the first-class carriage, second-class compartment, carriage connection, cab and other positions is in the range of 0.011-0.021 kV / m. Compared with these data, it is not difficult to find that the electromagnetic radiation of China's high-speed rail is far below the international standard, and it is impossible to cause harm to human body.
3. Death by taking antihypertensive drugs for a long time
Rumor content: more than half of patients with hypertension died of renal failure and heart failure, which is related to the long-term use of antihypertensive western medicine. Western medicine can make patients have strong drug dependence, while drug 'toxicity' will destroy heart, brain and kidney, and also bring side effects such as dizziness, nausea, palpitation, asthma and edema.
Refute the rumor: hypertension is a common disease, if not effectively treated for a long time, it will lead to the body target organ damage or failure, such as heart failure, renal failure, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, etc., and eventually cause death of patients. The purpose of taking antihypertensive drugs is to avoid damage to target organs, so it does not cause death. Secondly, due to the individual differences of patients, there are a small number of antihypertensive drugs that do cause a small number of people's physical discomfort, such as dizziness, nausea, local edema, etc., but through the adjustment of drugs, the above-mentioned side effects can be basically solved. In addition, it has been confirmed by science that antihypertensive drugs are basically not addictive and will not let patients have strong drug dependence.
4. E-cigarette is non-toxic and harmless, which is a sharp tool for quitting smoking
Rumor content: e-cigarette can replace traditional cigarette, and its products are 'healthy and pollution-free'. It has the effects of 'no second-hand smoke', 'eliminating tar and other carcinogens' and' helping to quit smoking '. It is worth promoting.
Anti rumor content: Although e-cigarettes do not contain tar and are less harmful than traditional cigarettes, they contain nicotine which is harmful to health. In addition, the main component leading to addiction is nicotine, and the nicotine in e-cigarettes can also make people addicted. The nicotine content of some e-cigarettes is even higher than that of traditional cigarettes, so smoking e-cigarettes can not help smokers quit smoking effectively.
5. Starvation can 'starve' tumor and delay aging
Rumor content: there is a rumor that when human cells are hungry, they can eat their own useless or harmful substances to provide energy for their survival. Therefore, eating a vegetarian diet or eating less can activate autophagy, which can delay aging and prolong life.
Refute the rumor content: through eat less, vegetarian reduce the risk of cancer, this method is not desirable. Studies have found that malnutrition has a higher incidence of cancer, and the incidence of malnutrition in cancer patients is significantly higher than that of other benign diseases. If the tumor patients suffer from malnutrition, their immunity will be further reduced, which is not conducive to the treatment and rehabilitation of the disease. In addition, 'cell starvation' does not mean hunger as we understand it in daily life, nor does fasting and Pigu equal autophagy in medical research. At present, autophagy research is still far away from clinical application, and the relationship between autophagy and anti-tumor and aging is not clear. Light fasting, ketogenic diet, gluten free diet, which are very popular in recent years, were originally used to treat specific groups (obesity, childhood epilepsy, clear gluten allergy, etc.) in medicine. Before and after implementation, medical professionals are required to evaluate and monitor to ensure the safety of patients.
6. Pregnant women should not be vaccinated against influenza
Rumor content: pregnant women vaccinated with influenza vaccine, will make pregnant women infected with influenza virus, aggravating pregnancy reaction, but also affect the health of the fetus, and even lead to fetal deformity.
Content of refutation: influenza is high in winter and spring, and some weak and weak people are particularly vulnerable to the invasion of influenza virus. Influenza vaccination is an effective way to resist and prevent influenza. Compared with the general population, pregnant women's resistance is slightly weak, and they are more vulnerable to influenza virus attack. A large number of studies have shown that during an influenza pandemic, the risk of hospitalization, ICU stay and death of pregnant women due to influenza infection is significantly increased. Studies also show that pregnant women with influenza can have an impact on the fetus and newborn, stillbirth, premature birth and low birth weight, so it is necessary for pregnant women to vaccinate influenza vaccine, and pregnant women can be vaccinated at any stage of pregnancy.
However, pregnant women should pay attention to the fact that it is possible to vaccinate inactivated vaccine during pregnancy, but non inactivated vaccine should be prohibited. Non inactivated vaccine is a kind of live vaccine or attenuated live vaccine, which is made by artificial directed mutation or natural screening of live microorganisms with reduced virulence or non toxicity. This kind of vaccine has potential risk of infecting fetus. In addition, it should be noted that those who are allergic to eggs or any component of the vaccine should not be vaccinated with influenza vaccine; those with mild to moderate acute diseases with or without fever symptoms are recommended to be vaccinated after symptoms subside; pregnant women who have ever suffered from Guillain Barre syndrome should consult their doctors before deciding whether to vaccinate.
7. Depression is either a disease or a hypochondriac
Rumor: according to media reports, a 20-year-old girl suffering from depression posted a microblog saying, "I had a long illness, this is the last time I committed suicide.". Many people think that depression is too emotional, it is a moment can't think of it, or because the will is not strong enough.
Anti rumor content: depression is a common mental illness in today's society. Its typical symptoms are persistent depression, difficulty in concentration, memory loss and insomnia, which may lead to suicide. Depression will make patients in learning, work, life and social interaction are affected in varying degrees. The patient can't control the pain through willpower. Therefore, we should not blame or question the patients with depression. We should strengthen the dissemination of depression and its treatment, treat depression correctly and care about the group of patients with depression.
8. Low salt diet is unhealthy
Rumor content: gastric acid is produced with salt as raw material, salt can promote digestion, low salt will make digestion problems. At the same time, low salt diet may cause gluten allergy. In addition, some people abroad died of heatstroke in extreme high temperature due to low salt diet.
Refuting the rumor: the main component of gastric acid is hydrochloric acid, and the main component of salt is sodium chloride. It is not only an important condiment, but also an indispensable substance to maintain normal metabolism of human body. It regulates the distribution of water balance in the human body, maintains the balance of pH and the normal circulation of body fluids, and also participates in the formation of gastric acid and promotes the secretion of digestive juice. The body can not be without salt, but a small amount of salt can meet the needs of the body, and the 'invisible salt' in life is everywhere, such as milk, meat, biscuits, bread, noodles and other sodium content is not low. Therefore, even people with light taste may have excessive sodium intake. Even if they don't eat salt, other foods containing chlorine will still produce gastric acid. Generally, adults can maintain their basic physiological needs by taking 3 grams of salt every day. Excessive intake of salt can cause many health problems, such as hypertension, osteoporosis and even gastric cancer. At present, the recommended daily intake of salt for adults is about 5-6G. However, the actual research shows that the daily intake of salt of adults in China has reached 9-10g, which is far beyond the health standard. Therefore, it is the right way to control salt and reduce salt. In addition, only in certain circumstances, such as hot weather or intense exercise and sweating, resulting in a large amount of salt loss in the body, a large amount of salt supplement is needed. Nowadays, most of the residents in our country have less daily exercise, so they don't need a lot of salt supplement because they keep cool by blowing air conditioner in summer. There is no relationship between low salt diet and gluten allergy, which is induced by cereal protein.
9. Myopia can be cured
Rumor content: as long as with the right method, myopia can be cured in a certain period of time. If acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of myopia is very good, myopia degree below 800 degrees, under the age of 60 years old myopia patients, can be cured, and the cure rate can reach 90%, within one to three months vision can be restored to more than 1.0 normal vision, no recurrence. Its principle is to stimulate the relevant nerves, so that the visual self-regulation function can be restored to normal. Generally speaking, the cure rate needs to be determined according to the specific situation of patients, the younger the age, the shorter the course of disease, the more significant the curative effect.
Content of refutation: the human eye is adjusting and relaxing