What war has Shanhaiguan experienced before?
Shanhaiguan is close to Yanshan Mountain in the north and Bohai Sea in the south. It guards the long and narrow land transportation between North China and Northeast China. The terrain is very dangerous. It has been a place for strategists since ancient times. In the Shang Dynasty, it belonged to solitary bamboo; in the Zhou Dynasty, it belonged to Yandi; in the Qin and Han Dynasties, it belonged to Liaoxi county. In the Northern Qi Dynasty and Sui and Tang Dynasties, Chengguan was built in this area. Today, in Shimen village of Funing, you can still see the site of the great wall of the Northern Qi Dynasty. When Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Yuguan was set up, which was called qianmin town in the Yuan Dynasty.
In 1381, General Xu Da built the great wall and set up Guancheng here. Because it was located between Yanshan and Bohai Sea, it was named "Shanhaiguan" after the words "mountain" and "sea". It was under the jurisdiction of Yongping government. During the Jiajing period, Qi Jiguang, the general of Jizhen Town, rebuilt Shanhaiguan and the nearby great wall section, Jiaoshan Great Wall. North Wing city was built to the north of Guancheng, and Weiyuan city was built on Huanxi mountain (also known as qipanic mountain) to the East.
During the reign of Chongzhen, sun Chengzong, Minister of the Ministry of military, built Nanyi city and Ninghai city in the south of Guancheng and by the sea. Ninghai city is connected with the Great Wall at the back, with a height of 3 Zhangs and a circumference of 1 li. It is directly inserted into the sea from the land and looks like a dragon head, so it is called "old dragon head". In addition, there are many castles, water passes, piers and abutments, which are scattered and echo each other. Together, the above constitutes a reasonable, well-organized, rigorous and solid defense system for Shanhaiguan, which has always been one of the most important military towns in China.
People in Ming Dynasty summarized the strategy of Shanhaiguan, which was "to arch the capital inside, to defend the barbarians outside, and to be the closest". Sun Chengzong, a Bachelor of Shufu University, pointed out that "closing the door is the safety of the world". In the second year of Tianqi (1622), there were 79869 troops and 12760 horses. In the following year, the number of horse infantry reached 100000. Wang Yu, the imperial historian, said: "Shanhaiguan has more than enough soldiers to resist aggression, and it's not difficult to give them a fixed amount of money.".
At the end of Ming Dynasty, Wu Sangui, the general guarding the Shanhaiguan customs, worked with Dorgon, the Regent of Qing Dynasty, to defeat Li Zicheng's army and lead the Qing army to enter the Shanhaiguan customs, which led to the collapse of Li Zicheng's Dashun regime and Nanming regime.
During the Qing Dynasty, Shanhaiguan was the Linyu county seat. It was located between Beijing and Shengjing (Shenyang), and it was known as the "key to two capitals". In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the surrounding area of Guancheng became a battlefield again. The war of the eight powers allied forces and the Great Wall Anti Japanese war after the September 18th Incident took the lead here.
At present, most of the ancient buildings in Shanhaiguan and its surrounding areas have been restored, forming a comprehensive tourism and cultural city with unique historical and cultural tours of the Great Wall, folk custom tours in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and legendary tours such as ancient Meng Jiangnu.
Its walls are still intact, and it is a relatively well preserved Great Wall pass city in China. Today, its tourism and cultural value is significant, with the ancient city of Lijiang, Pingyao and Fenghuang, which are also called the four famous cities in ancient China.
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When is the best time to go to Beidaihe?
The best time to visit Beidaihe: May to October. This is the peak season of Beidaihe tourism, with pleasant climate and cool weather, suitable for summer vacation. But there are more people in the peak season, especially in 7 and August. Less tourists and lower consumption in the off-season. In addition, the best season for bird watching is from mid March to late May, and from early September to mid November.
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What are the 5A scenic spots in Hebei Province?
1. Chengde Summer Resort
Chengde summer resort: world cultural heritage, national AAAAA tourist attraction, national key cultural relics protection unit, one of China's four famous parks.
Chengde summer resort, also known as' Chengde Palace 'or' Rehe Palace ', is located in the north of Chengde City Center, Hebei Province, on the long and narrow valley along the West Bank of WuLie river. It is a place for the Qing Dynasty emperors to spend summer and deal with government affairs.
2. Yesanpo
The famous tourist resort in northern China, with the stone of hare ridge, the appearance of Danxia and the city of Dali, is a national scenic spot. Since 1986, it has been developed into a tourist industry, and it is favored by tourists at home and abroad with its unique charm.
Yesanpo, a national scenic spot, is located in Laishui County, Baoding City, northwest of Hebei Province, west of Beijing. It is famous for its' grand, dangerous, strange and secluded 'natural landscape and ancient historical relics.
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3. Baiyangdian
Baiyangdian Lake is the largest lake in Hebei Province, which is mainly located in Anxin County, Baoding City, Hebei Province. Baiyang Lake has two ranges: narrow sense or small Baiyang Lake is the largest lake in the surrounding lakes, broad sense or big Baiyang Lake is the general name of the surrounding lakes with narrow sense Baiyang Lake as the main body. There are 143 large and small lakes, with an average annual storage capacity of 1.32 billion cubic meters.
4. Baishi mountain
Baishi mountain, located 15 kilometers south of Laiyuan County, Hebei Province, is located at the northernmost end of 800 Li Taihang Mountain. The scenic area covers 54 square kilometers, and the highest peak, foguangding, is 2096 meters above sea level.
It is a World Geopark, a national 5A tourist attraction, a National Forest Park and a national youth science and technology education base. There is a unique landform of Dali rock peak forest in China.
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5. Guangfu ancient city
Guangfu ancient city, a national AAAAA tourist attraction, a famous historical and cultural town in China, the hometown of Taijiquan in China, and the unique ancient city, Shuicheng and taijicheng in northern China.
Located in the south of North China Plain, 20 kilometers southeast of Yongnian District, Handan City, Hebei Province, and 15 kilometers southwest of Handan City, it has a history of more than 2600 years and is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Because Ming and Qing dynasties had been Hebei [2]
Guangping Prefecture, one of the three southern prefectures, is called "Guangfu". Guangfu ancient city is located in the center of the yongnianwa wetland with an area of 46000 mu. It is a unique dry land and water city, known as the "little Jiangnan in the north".
6. Ching Dongling
Located 30 kilometers northwest of Zunhua City, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, the eastern Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty is 125 kilometers west of Beijing City, covering an area of 80 square kilometers. It is the largest, most complete and most appropriately arranged mausoleum complex in China.
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7. wa Palace
Located in Zhonghuang mountain, Shexian County, Handan City, Hebei Province, WA palace is the place where the goddess of Nuwa, a Chinese mythology and legend, makes up the earth and makes man.
Wa palace was built in the Northern Qi Dynasty. It was originally built by Gao Yang, Emperor Wen Xuan of the Northern Qi Dynasty. Three stone chambers were opened and several statues were carved. After successive repairs, the palace now covers an area of 760000 square meters. Today, most of the buildings are built in Ming and Qing Dynasties, while the relics of the Northern Qi Dynasty, with only six grottoes and cliff carving scriptures, are the earliest and most numerous existing cliff carving scriptures in China.
8. Zhang Shiyan
Zhang Shiyan, a national scenic spot, is located in Zanhuang County, southwest of Shijiazhuang (52 kilometers to Zanhuang county). It is about 110 kilometers away from Shijiazhuang, the capital city of Hebei province. It is the essence of Taihang Mountain Forest Park.
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900 mile Gorge
Bailixia scenic spot is the most representative scenic spot in Yesanpo scenic spot. After 20 years of development, construction and careful building, it has always implemented the strategy of "building high-quality products and creating famous brands". The grade and grade of the scenic spot continue to rise, and the service level has made a qualitative leap, which has been widely praised by all sectors of society.
The number of tourists is increasing year by year, and the source market is basically stable, mainly covering North China, northeast, northwest and some parts of central and East China.
10. Temple of Pu le
Pule temple is located in Chengde City, Hebei Province. It was built in 1766 ad. The whole temple building is a combination of Han and Tibetan. According to the style of Han temple in the west, it is composed of Mountain Gate, Tianwang hall, bell and Drum Tower, auxiliary hall and main hall.
The eastern part is a Tibetan style city building. The main building is Xuguang pavilion with double eaves and dome, which is similar to the prayer hall of the temple of heaven in Beijing. On the top of the pavilion is a circular caisson with dragon and phoenix patterns. The center of the caisson is carved with golden dragon playing beads. The caisson adopts three layers of shrinkage, three layers of warping, heavy lifting and nine steps of arch fighting, with fine carving and glittering gold, which has a high artistic value.
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Which cities does Hebei Province include?
Hebei Province: Shijiazhuang City, Tangshan City, Qinhuangdao City, Handan City, Xingtai City, Baoding City, Zhangjiakou City, Chengde City, Cangzhou City, Langfang City, Hengshui City.
1、 Shijiazhuang is the capital of Hebei Province, located in the southwest of Hebei Province. By the end of 2016, Shijiazhuang had a total area of 15848 square kilometers, including 2206 square kilometers of urban area.
2、 Tangshan is located in the east of Hebei Province, the northeast of North China Plain, the Bohai Sea in the south, Yanshan Mountain in the north, Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and the throat of North China and northeast passage. The total area is 13472 square kilometers.
3、 Qinhuangdao, located in the northeast of Hebei Province, covers an area of 7813 square kilometers. The population is 3.1108 million.
4、 Handan is located in the south of Hebei Province, at the east foot of Taihang Mountain, west of Taihang Mountain, east of North China Plain, and borders on Shanxi, Shandong and Henan provinces.
5、 Xingtai City is located in the south of Hebei Province. Taihang Mountain is adjacent to Shanxi Province in the west, and Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal is adjacent to Shandong Province in the East.
6、 Baoding, located in the eastern foot of Taihang, is one of the central cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.
7、 Zhangjiakou, located in the northwest of Hebei Province, is the central city in the northwest of Hebei Province. It is the transportation hub connecting Beijing and Tianjin and connecting Shanxi and Mongolia.
8、 Chengde is located in the transition zone between North China and Northeast China. It is adjacent to Beijing and Tianjin in the southwest and south, Mongolia and Liaoning in the back, Qinhuangdao and Tangshan in the province, Zhangjiakou in the north, Chifeng and Xilinguole League in the Inner Mongolia in the north.
9、 Cangzhou City, located in the southeast of Hebei Province, borders Bohai Sea in the East, Beijing and Tianjin in the north, Shandong in the south, and the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the city.
10、 Langfang City, located in the east of central Hebei Province, borders the capital Beijing in the north, Tianjin in the East, Cangzhou in the South and Baoding in the West. The total area is 6429 square kilometers.
11、 Hengshui City, located in the southeast of Hebei Province, is adjacent to Cangzhou City and Dezhou City of Shandong Province in the East, Shijiazhuang City in the west, Xingtai City in the south, Baoding city and Cangzhou City in the north, with a total area of 8815 square kilometers.
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What are Hebei specialty snacks?
1、 Four steamed buns
Four steamed buns are the traditional snacks in Qinhuangdao. It should be said that four steamed buns are also a kind of Hebei cuisine. The flour used to make four buns is also very common, and the stuffing is nothing special. But the four steamed buns made by us are very delicious, and the shape looks very pleasant. Baozipu was opened in 1958. It has a history of nearly 60 years. At the beginning, the service of baozi shop was good, so it attracted a lot of customers and became more and more famous in the back.
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2、 Nansha cake
Nansha cake is a traditional famous pastry in Hebei Province. It has rich ingredients and tastes delicious. It is said that Emperor Kangxi once ate this snack when he came out to hunt. He also praised it very much. The snack became a tribute. Nansha cake has a history of more than 500 years.
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3、 White meat covered with fire
It is said that this dish can be traced back to the late Qing Dynasty. This is also one of the famous snacks in Yichun building in Baoding. The process of making it is very delicate. We should select fresh pork, wash and boil it for many times, and then cut it into thin slices. The nutritional value of this dish is also very rich. It has a lot of protein and not much fat, so it is still one