Recently, Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and Chongqing announced the comprehensive reform plan of college entrance examination. In addition, Shanghai and Zhejiang took the lead in carrying out the first batch of comprehensive reform pilot of college entrance examination in 2014, and four pilot provinces and cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong and Hainan started the reform in 2017. So far, 14 provinces and cities in China have started the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination. What new trends do these reforms reveal in the future college entrance examination?
General direction: breaking the division of Arts and Sciences
The reform plan of the eight provinces is clear: from 2021, the total score of cultural courses of ordinary college entrance examination candidates will be composed of '3 + 1 + 2'. '3' is the national unified examination subject of Chinese, mathematics and foreign language, which is compulsory for all students; '1' is the first choice subject, and candidates must choose one of the physics and history subjects in the high school academic level examination; '2' is the second choice subject, and candidates choose two of the four subjects of chemistry, biology, ideology and politics and geography.
The biggest change is that the traditional division of Arts and Sciences has been broken. "The relevant person in charge of Guangdong Provincial Education and examination institute said.
Zhong Binglin, President of the China Society of education, said that long-term educational practice has shown that early division of subjects in middle schools will lead to students' imperfect way of thinking and single knowledge structure. Breaking the division of Arts and Sciences is helpful to combine the thinking in images of Arts with the logical thinking of science, and cultivate talents with innovative thinking.
Some middle school teachers say that the latest '3 + 1 + 2' model reduces the combination of selected subjects from 20 to 12, which reduces the difficulty of class teaching in middle school and is conducive to promoting the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination in areas with underdeveloped educational resources.
Admission method: "two basis and one reference", cancel one and two batches of admission
All the 14 provinces in the reform of college entrance examination have proposed to adhere to "two bases and one reference" in enrollment: Based on the results of the unified college entrance examination and high school academic level examination, and referring to the comprehensive quality evaluation.
At the same time, with the advancement of the reform of college entrance examination, the admission mode of colleges and universities has changed from batch admission, merging batch admission to the cancellation of one, two and other batch admission. Education experts believe that this kind of admission method allows students to give priority to their majors when they volunteer to fill in their applications, avoiding the trouble of "going to a good school but not choosing a favorite major" in the past.
Fan Shaobin, vice president of Guangdong Provincial Education and examination institute, said that admission by subject and specialty group means that schools will no longer be divided into "three six nine grades" according to one or two books, which is conducive to the characteristics of colleges and universities.
Xu Song, director of the enrollment and Employment Department of the University of international business and economics, believes that classified examination, comprehensive evaluation and diversified admission have become the mainstream trend of talent selection. Zhong Binglin said that the direction of reform is clear, and in the specific implementation, the key is to make the comprehensive quality evaluation credible and usable. How to establish a scientific, objective and fair evaluation system is the key to the ideological and moral character, physical and mental health and artistic quality with relatively strong subjectivity.
Major setting: add artificial intelligence and other majors, cancel clothing and clothing design and other majors
The Ministry of Education recently announced the results of filing and examination and approval of undergraduate majors in Colleges and universities in 2018, adding 2072 majors, including 1831 for filing, 241 for examination and approval, and 416 for cancellation.
It is understood that the most newly registered undergraduate majors are data science and big data technology, robotics engineering, intelligent science and technology, and intelligent manufacturing engineering. Artificial intelligence, Cyberspace Security and so on are the most newly approved undergraduate majors. The most withdrawn majors are clothing and apparel design, educational technology, information and computing science, product design, information management and information system, etc.
The reporter learned from the Ministry of education that the professional construction of colleges and universities mainly follows the needs oriented, standard oriented and characteristic oriented. Previously, the Ministry of education consulted more than 900 experts in the evaluation of specialty setting, and took the "national standard for undergraduate specialty teaching quality of ordinary colleges and universities" as an important basis for judging whether the declared specialty meets the standard. The specialty with more distribution and lower employment rate has been strictly controlled.
This approval is for the new scientific and technological revolution and industrial upgrading, and supports universities to set up new generation of information technology, high-end equipment, energy conservation and environmental protection and other related majors. Fan Shaobin said that under the premise of ensuring basic majors, the specialty setting in Colleges and universities should match the needs of social development, output talents for the present and reserve talents for the future.
Independent enrollment: scale reduction and threshold increase
The Ministry of Education issued the "notice on doing a good job of independent enrollment in Colleges and universities in 2019" to standardize the "ten strict" requirements of independent enrollment, which clearly requires that colleges and universities should appropriately reduce the enrollment quota on the basis of the number of admissions in the previous year, strictly apply for the qualification conditions, and should not simply take papers, patents, competitions (activities) held by intermediary agencies as the registration conditions and pass the preliminary examination The quality of talent selection should be improved.
In the face of the Ministry of education's "most stringent regulation in the history of Independent Enrollment", many colleges and universities have successively cancelled the conditions without clear standards and strong subjectivity, and independent enrollment has become more stringent.
Since March this year, colleges and universities have successively announced the independent enrollment brochures for 2019. Compared with last year, the enrollment scale of many colleges and universities has been significantly reduced, and some schools have reduced the enrollment indicators of literature, history, economics and management; the enrollment threshold has been further improved, the score preference has been reduced, and the physical fitness test has been increased.
This is following the cancellation of five national college entrance examination bonus points, such as the Olympic Games and sports majors in 2018, all localities have further tightened their independent enrollment policies and stressed social equity.
According to the official website of Sun Yat sen University, 175 students will be enrolled independently in 2019, a decrease of 210 compared with last year; the application conditions are only limited to high school students who have won the first prize or above in the provincial level competition (League) of the national five disciplines competition for middle school students. Last year's "outstanding performance in scientific and technological development, literary creation, research and practice, talent endowment, etc. and landmark achievements" have been cancelled; The enrollment regulation that the college entrance examination results can be reduced to one control line (minimum admission control reference line) of the province where they are located has been deleted.
Many insiders said that a substantial reduction in the number of places and raising the threshold can make the current overheated independent enrollment return to the original intention of selecting special talents, and at the same time meet the social demand for education equity.