May 1st is China's May 1st Labor Day, which is also called May 1st International Labor Day. It is an international festival. Many countries celebrate May 1st Labor Day. Do you know the origin of May Day?
May day
International Labor Day, also known as international workers' day or may day, is a national holiday in more than 80 countries in the world. It's on the first of May every year. It is a festival shared by working people all over the world.
In July 1889, the second International Congress led by Engels held in Paris. The meeting passed a resolution stipulating that international workers would hold a march on May 1, 1890, and decided to designate May 1 as international labor day.
The origin of May Day
This festival originated from the workers' strike in Chicago.
On May 1, 1886, more than 200000 workers in Chicago held a general strike for the implementation of the eight hour working system,
After a hard and bloody struggle, we finally won.
To commemorate the workers' movement, on July 14, 1889, the socialist congress convened by Marxists from all over the world was solemnly opened in Paris, France.
At the meeting, the delegates unanimously agreed that may 1 should be designated as the common festival of the international proletariat.
This resolution has received a positive response from workers all over the world.
On May 1, 1890, the working class of European and American countries took the lead in taking to the streets, holding grand demonstrations and rallies to fight for their legitimate rights and interests.
From then on, every day, the working people of all countries in the world will gather and March to celebrate.
The Chinese people's celebration of Labor Day dates back to 1918.
On May 1, 1920, new youth, Volume 7, No. 6, was published.
He published the inscriptions of Cai Yuanpei, Sun Yat Sen, Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu and so on.
At the same time, it also published the "general rules of Chinese workers' Union in France" and the survey of labor conditions in Tangshan, Shanxi, Yangtze River and other places.
On May 1, workers in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiujiang, Tangshan and other industrial cities marched to the market and held a huge parade and rally.
Li Dazhao published the history of the May Day movement in new youth,
This paper introduces the origin of May Day and the activities of workers in the United States, France and other countries to commemorate may day,
Call on Chinese workers to take may day as the date of awakening.
Chen Duxiu also published an article entitled "the problem of Hunan women workers in Shanghai housheng yarn mill" to celebrate the festival,
Expose the fact that capitalists exploit workers' surplus value.
Chen Duxiu also delivered a speech entitled "the consciousness of the hardworking" at the Shanghai Federation of shipbuilding industry,
This paper expounds the viewpoints of "labor creates the world" and "workers are the most useful and valuable".
On that day, workers and intellectuals from all over the country gathered together.
In Shanghai, under the guidance of Chen Duxiu,
More than 5000 workers held a world labor commemoration conference jointly organized by seven organizations including the all China Federation of industry advancement,
Chen Duxiu was elected as the consultant of the preparatory conference.
At the commemorative meeting, representatives from all walks of life delivered speeches,
The workers put forward the "three eight system" of eight hours of work, eight hours of rest and eight hours of education,
He also chanted slogans such as "long live the workers" and "long live the Chinese industry".
After the meeting, the Shanghai workers' declaration and a reply to the Russian workers' and peasants' government were issued.
The special commemorative issue of new youth also published important articles such as the history of the May Day movement by Li Dachuang, the awareness of the working class by Chen Duxiu, and the problem of Hunan women workers in Shanghai housheng yarn mill,
As well as the survey report on the current situation of workers in more than ten cities and regions such as Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and Wuhan.
In Beijing, Li Dazhao led the commemorative activities centered on Peking University.
Li Dazhao (October 29, 1889 - April 28, 1927), born in leting, Hebei Province, graduated from Waseda University in Tokyo. He is one of the main founders of the Communist Party of China and one of the earliest Marxists and Communists in China.
Peking University students went on strike on this day. Peking University Students weekly published the labor Memorial.
More than 500 school workers and students attended a commemorative meeting, and Li Dazhao delivered a speech at the meeting.
He Mengxiong and other eight Peking University Students and some young people went out to publicize,
Distribute the Beijing labor Declaration on May 1,
The workers were arrested by the patrolmen for fighting against exploitation and for their own rights.
Deng Zhongxia went to Changxindian in Beijing to distribute the Beijing labor Declaration on May 1 to railway workers and delivered a speech.
This is the first time that China commemorates International Labor Day,
It is also the first labor day in Chinese history.
On the eve of May Day in 1921, workers learned to sing "May Day Memorial song" at Changxindian labor school founded by Deng Zhongxia, a member of the Communist group in Beijing. The lyrics are: "beauty, freedom, star of the world, fight for my blood, sacrifice for him, wipe out all the power system, and remember the good day of May 1. Red flag flying, walk light road, do their best, take what they need, regardless of the poor, rich and poor, responsibility only mutual aid, I hope you work hard to forge ahead. "This magnificent and powerful song is composed by the teachers of Changxindian labor practice school and the progressive students of Peking University.
After the founding of new China, the Government Affairs Council of the Central People's government designated May 1 as the legal labor day in December 1949, a national holiday.
The customs of May Day
In the past, the above activities were mainly organized by the government, and the procession included representatives of various enterprises and organs. Now, in addition to the celebrations co-ordinated by the government, all kinds of non-governmental organizations and labor organizations with different political views will hold various celebrations on this day. We can not only take this opportunity to fully expound their political views, but also expand the influence of the organization.
Japan: golden week on Labor Day
Japan is a country with many festivals. There are many festivals before and after May 1, such as tree planting day on April 29, constitution anniversary on May 3, national holiday on May 4 and children's day on May 5. Generally speaking, Japanese have at least one week's rest, and the longest is even 11 days.
For the working class, the significance of this long holiday is really unusual. Therefore, in Japan, the special celebration of Labor Day is gradually replaced by the golden week of May Day. And since April 29, Japan has entered the golden week.
Canada: Labor Day in September marks the end of summer
As a North American country, Canada, like the United States, also celebrates labor day on the first Monday of September every year. In Ottawa, Toronto and other cities, parades and gatherings are held every year on labor day to recognize the contribution of workers under the trade union organization to Canadian society.
What's more, in most Canadian concepts, labor day in September marks the end of summer. In general, parents will use the Labor Day holiday to buy school supplies for their children in the new semester, and businesses often take the opportunity to promote stationery.
Thailand, Peru: one day off
Thailand first promulgated the labor regulations in 1932, and then designated May 1 as the national labor day to reward hard-working workers. On this day, Thailand has a national holiday. There will be celebrations in the capital and some big cities, but the scale is generally not too large.
Similar to the situation in Thailand, Peru, a South American country, also sets may 1 as the national labor day and has a national holiday.
Italy: no celebrations, no holidays
Britain, France and other European countries have designated may day as labor day. Many countries have a day off, while others have a public holiday on the first Monday of May.
However, unlike most countries in the world, although Italy recognizes may day and the government also shows respect for labor, ordinary people do not hold special celebrations and there is no national May Day holiday