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416 undergraduate majors in China have been withdrawn. Do you have your major

The Ministry of Education recently announced the record and approval results of undergraduate majors in Colleges and universities in 2018, with a total of 416 undergraduate majors cancelled. Let's have a look at your school

According to the statistics of "record and approval results of undergraduate majors in ordinary colleges and universities" published by the Ministry of education, the number of majors cancelled in 2018 increased by 5.2 times compared with that in 2014, which was only 67 in 2014. From 2014 to 2018, a total of 991 undergraduate majors in 13 disciplines were withdrawn. According to the order from more to less, the number of withdrawn majors in each discipline was 267 in engineering, 189 in science, 167 in art, 131 in management, 82 in literature, 61 in education, 40 in law, 26 in agriculture, 18 in economics, 4 in history, 3 in philosophy, 3 in medicine, and 0 in military science .

For the students who are going to take part in the college entrance examination in 2019, "record and approval results of undergraduate majors in ordinary colleges and universities" is undoubtedly a wind vane. How to ensure that after four years of graduation, the major is still there and the employment is smooth?

Based on the data of the National College Graduates' employment survey in 2017, the author reverses the employment situation of college graduates from different disciplines. Through statistical analysis of the disciplinary differences in the employment situation of college graduates, the author hopes to provide reference for promoting the career planning and development of college students, improving the market allocation efficiency of human resources, and alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand in the labor market For reference.

Science majors are most popular in China and abroad

Most of engineering majors start their own businesses and have flexible employment

In particular, the 13 subjects in the questionnaire are divided into five categories: Humanities (including philosophy, literature, history and Art), Social Sciences (including economics, law, education and management), science, engineering and others (including agriculture, medicine and Military Science). In the effective sample, there are 2328 humanities graduates, accounting for 17.5%; 5177 social science graduates, accounting for 38.8%; 1624 science graduates, accounting for 12.2%; 3427 engineering graduates, accounting for 25.7%; 788 'other' graduates, accounting for 5.9%.

The author defines the six destinations of "confirmed employment units", "domestic study", "going abroad or going abroad", "self employment", "self employment" and "flexible employment" in the questionnaire survey as "completed graduation destination", and the implementation rate of 2017 college graduates reaches 85.3%. Among them, the implementation rate of engineering was the highest (87.6%), followed by Social Sciences (86.0%), Science (83.9%), and Humanities (82.6%) and others (82.4%).

From the specific direction of graduation, there are significant differences between different disciplines. The proportion of Social Sciences' identified units' was the highest, accounting for 41.6%; the proportion of science was the lowest, accounting for 31.9%. The proportion of science students entering higher education in China is the highest, accounting for 27.3%; the proportion of humanities students is the lowest, accounting for 16.9%. The proportion of science students going abroad is the highest, accounting for 8.8%; the proportion of engineering students is the lowest, accounting for 3.6%. The proportion of engineering students choosing independent entrepreneurship, free employment and flexible employment is the highest, accounting for 21.4%; the proportion of science students is the lowest, accounting for 15.9%.

There is no advantage in the starting salary of Humanities at all educational levels

The overall satisfaction rate of humanities graduates is the lowest

Income is one of the objective indicators reflecting the quality of employment. On the whole, there are significant differences in starting salary among different disciplines. The average monthly starting salary of science and social sciences is higher, 5737 yuan and 4996 yuan respectively; the average monthly starting salary of Humanities and other categories is lower, 4621 yuan and 4468 yuan respectively; the average monthly starting salary of engineering is in the middle, 4621 yuan.

Combined with the analysis of educational level, it is found that the higher the educational level, the higher the starting salary, which reflects the value of human capital. In different education levels, the difference of starting salary still exists.

For college graduates and doctoral graduates, the average monthly starting salary of engineering is the highest, which is 3562 yuan and 14231 yuan respectively; for undergraduate graduates and professional master graduates, the average monthly starting salary of social science is the highest, which is 5051 yuan and 9823 yuan respectively; for academic master graduates, the average monthly starting salary of science is the highest, which is 12635 yuan; The graduates of Humanities and 'others' have no obvious advantages in all educational levels.

Satisfaction is one of the subjective indicators reflecting the quality of employment. Although there are significant differences in the starting salary, employment structure and employment distribution of different disciplines, the overall satisfaction of graduates' employment is high. For all graduates, only 1.5% of them are dissatisfied with the overall situation of employment, while 81.9% of them are 'satisfied' and 'very satisfied'.

The overall satisfaction of graduates from different disciplines is slightly different, but not significant. The overall satisfaction rate of science graduates was the highest, 83.9%, and the dissatisfaction rate was the lowest, only 1.0%; the overall satisfaction rate of humanities graduates was the lowest, but also reached 81.1%, and the dissatisfaction rate was the highest, only 1.9%.

The employment proportion of college students in cities above prefecture level is high

Management, technology and service

From the perspective of employment cities, 81.3% of college graduates are employed in prefecture level cities or above. Among them, 85.0% of social science graduates were employed in prefecture level cities and above, followed by 84.0% of engineering graduates, and 79.0% of Humanities and science graduates.

The choice of employment industries for college graduates mainly concentrated in the emerging service industries such as finance, it and real estate (25.9%), manufacturing, construction and mining (22.1%), science, education, culture and health (19.7%), transportation and Commerce (12.12%).

Due to the different training objectives and programs of different disciplines, graduates' industry choices show significant discipline differences. The proportion of humanities graduates entering the science, education, culture and health industry is the highest, reaching 41.0%; finance, it and real estate are the main employment choices of social science graduates, followed by transportation and commerce; the employment choices of science graduates are relatively scattered, with science, education, culture and health, finance, it, real estate, manufacturing, construction and mining as the main industries; 41.4% of engineering students enter manufacturing, construction and mining industries, and 21.5% enter finance, it and real estate.

Enterprises are the main units to absorb graduates' employment. 77.5% of the students work in various enterprises after graduation. Private enterprises and state-owned enterprises are the main choices for graduates' employment. The proportion of social science and engineering graduates entering state-owned enterprises and private enterprises is higher than that of Humanities and science graduates. The proportion of humanities graduates entering state organs is the highest. The proportion of science graduates entering foreign-funded enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions, primary and secondary schools is significantly higher than that of the other three disciplines.

The distribution of graduates' jobs was diversified, with management (34.4%), technology (24.4%) and service (26.9%). The proportion of humanities graduates engaged in professional and technical work and administrative work is the highest, accounting for 20.6%; social science graduates mainly choose to engage in enterprise management, business and service work; engineering and science graduates choose the highest proportion of professional and technical work, accounting for 45.0% and 36.1% respectively.

There are significant differences in the employment status of graduates

There is no lack of high-quality employment in every discipline

Based on the above empirical research results, the graduation implementation rate of engineering is the highest, the monthly starting salaries of engineering college students and doctoral students are the highest, and the employment proportion of Engineering in manufacturing, construction and mining industries is the highest; the graduation implementation rate of social sciences is the second highest, the monthly starting salaries of Social Sciences undergraduates and professional postgraduates are the highest, and the employment proportion of Social Sciences in finance, it and real estate industries is the highest; The implementation rate of science graduates ranks the third, the monthly starting salary of science graduates is the highest, and the industry distribution of science employment is relatively scattered.

Although the employment situation of college graduates has significant discipline differences, it is a group difference, which reflects the macro level situation. In each subject category, there is no lack of high-quality employment with high income and high satisfaction for individual graduates. Therefore, the so-called 'good major / good subject' is relative and related to personal preference and subjective evaluation.

China's economic development has entered a new normal: from the perspective of development stage, China's per capita GDP will be close to US $10000 in 2018; from the perspective of industrial structure, China's tertiary industry will account for 52.2% of the added value in 2018; from the perspective of scientific and technological development, China will have more than 1000 AI enterprises in 2018, ranking second in the world. The new situation of economic development has changed the social demand for talent structure, which provides a broad development opportunity for college graduates' employment and entrepreneurship.

In his speech at the 2018 national education conference, general secretary Xi Jinping stressed that "we should enhance the ability of education to serve the economic and social development, adjust and optimize the regional layout, discipline structure and professional setup of universities, and establish and improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of disciplines and specialties. '

In recent years, the Ministry of education has paid special attention to the construction of disciplines and specialties in Colleges and universities in various regions, emphasizing the guidance of economic and social development needs, reasonably controlling the enrollment scale of various specialties, adjusting and optimizing the personnel training structure, ensuring the quality of personnel training in Colleges and Universities, and improving the ability of education to serve economic and social development.

On March 25, 2019, the Ministry of Education announced the record and approval results of undergraduate majors in Colleges and universities in 2018. Among them, the four undergraduate majors with the largest number of new records in major universities in China are data science and big data technology (196), robotics Engineering (101), intelligent science and Technology (96) and Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering (50); The top three newly approved undergraduate majors are artificial intelligence (35), Cyberspace Security (25) and accounting (13). It can be seen that the setting and adjustment of disciplines and specialties in Colleges and universities change with the changes of economic and social development needs.

Market demand is the main reason for the hot and cold of specialty

It's more important to cultivate the ability that is equal to the work

Christensen, the author of how do you measure your life, commented on what a good job is: "the only way to make people feel satisfied with their work is to do what you think is great work, and the only way to do great work is to fall in love with what they are doing. '

The author thinks that the necessary condition of falling in love with work or getting a good job is that an individual can unify his interest, profession and work. When senior high school graduates fill in the college entrance examination, they often face the trade-off between the University and the major. How to choose can help to realize the maximization of personal utility? The author thinks that the following three aspects should be considered.

First, interest orientation is very important.

"Three hundred and sixty lines make the number one.". For individual students, interest is the best teacher. When filling in the college entrance examination, we should focus on personal interests, combined with the needs of social development to make professional choices, so as to give better play to the personal strengths in the future career development, organically combine personal interests, disciplines and professions, and maximize the realization of making the best use of talents. If the choice of college entrance examination major is wrong, and it is not interested in the major and difficult to change, then no matter how well the 'combination of learning and application' is done in employment, the quality of employment will be reduced because the interest is not combined with the major. Therefore, high school students should pay attention to discover and cultivate personal interests, in the case of determining personal interests, it is relatively easy to choose a major.

Second, the major will be adjusted dynamically.

Since 1977, China's economy has recovered