On April 1, a couple working in Shanghai asked for leave to go through the divorce procedure. For more young people nowadays, three outlooks and all kinds of trivial life can become a reason for divorce. So why are so many young people keen on divorce?
This is not a way to celebrate April Fool's day, but it does carry some joking meaning -- 'the cash pressure brought by the 70% down payment for two non ordinary self housing units', as well as the difference in loan interest rate and rate between the first and second housing units, makes the difference between a house with a total price of several million yuan count as hundreds of thousands of yuan.
For young couples who have obtained Hukou and have just worked for a short time, this is the reason why they want to divorce.
The young couple's purchase of a house in a big city is the first of their kind. Because of this, he was kicked out of the first set of list because he had a mortgage record in other places.
In big cities where the purchase restriction policy is tightened, the charm of the house ticket may be beyond people's imagination. It is not uncommon for young people to divorce or not register for marriage for the house ticket.
Moreover, as women become more psychologically and economically independent, marriage has become an active option rather than a necessity for more and more young people.
Behind non marriage and divorce
According to data from the National Bureau of statistics and the Ministry of civil affairs, the national marriage rate in 2018 was 7.2 & permil;, the lowest level since 2013. From 9.9 & permil; in 2013 to 7.2 & permil; in 2018, the national marriage rate has experienced a continuous decline in the past five years.
A couple living together for nearly ten years in Shenzhen held a wedding, but they didn't get their marriage certificate. It was not until they bought a flat in their own name that they were relieved to get the certificate.
Around them, there are many young people who choose only to hold weddings - giving an account to their families, rather than completing the marriage process in the legal sense.
Some time ago, the news that Beijing allows children born out of wedlock to report their registered permanent residence with their mother aroused concern. In fact, Beijing has implemented this measure for more than two years. However, according to the current population and Fertility Policies of many provinces, if we want to enter the next stage of life, that is, to get pregnant and have children, we still need to legally register for marriage. Otherwise, they will be faced with the regulation of social support fees for illegitimate childbearing.
In addition, in the stages of pregnancy, childbirth and children's household registration, illegitimate children will encounter a lot of problems in the corresponding procedures and processes.
To some extent, this reflects the aspirations of many unmarried young people - if not for the sake of having children, they may have less motivation to get married.
According to the 2018 national marriage and divorce registration data released by the National Bureau of statistics and the Ministry of civil affairs, the number of marriage registrations and divorce registrations in 2018 was 10.108 million and 3.801 million respectively. While the marriage rate has declined for five consecutive years, the divorce rate has increased for 15 consecutive years.
Among them, the divorce ratio (the ratio of divorce to marriage within a certain period) is as high as 38%. This means that when 100 couples register for marriage, 38 couples register for divorce.
However, divorce is not necessarily due to the breakdown of the relationship. A couple who made the down payment together before marriage had already arranged the divorce plan before marriage: in order to retain the qualification to buy the first flat in the future, the couple specially put the real estate in the name of their husband, and also used the husband's name for the loan. The purpose is to carry out the divorce operation in the future, so that the wife who has no real estate and no loan under his name can still enjoy the right after divorce First set of first loan 'qualification.
This is not a case either.
It's popular for young people to marry late. What do they think of it?
According to Zhao Jian, a lawyer of Beijing Yingke (Shanghai) law firm, the increase of women's sense of independence is the underlying reason for the decline of marriage rate and the rise of divorce rate.
According to the big data special report released by the big data management and service platform of the Supreme People's court in May 2018, more than 70% (73.40%) of the divorce cases concluded in the first instance of civil cases in the national courts from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017 were initiated by women.
In the indicators of the duration of marriage, two to seven years after marriage is the high incidence period of marriage rupture. As for the reasons of divorce, 77.51% of the couples applied to the court for dissolution of marriage due to discord; 14.86% of the couples applied to the court for dissolution of marriage due to domestic violence.
In addition to trying to reduce the pressure caused by high housing prices or avoid the purchase restriction policy, the decline of marriage rate and the rise of divorce rate are also caused by many factors, such as policy, economy and psychology.
Zhao Jian told the first financial reporter that first of all, modern women's criteria for choosing a mate are getting higher and higher, from appearance to character, then to ability, literacy and lifestyle, as well as the outlook on life, world outlook and values. "It's not easy to agree, and if you are not satisfied with one place, you may not be able to get married.".
Secondly, the parents who used to urge marriage blindly gradually return to rationality. "Parents see more and more about unhappy marriages, and they understand that inappropriate marriages do more harm to people than not getting married. Therefore, more and more parents begin to understand and support their children's unwillingness. '
In addition, women are becoming more and more economically independent and can afford to rent or buy their own houses. Marriage is no longer the inevitable choice to reduce the economic burden. If one of the main purposes of marriage in the past was to give birth to the next generation, today's policy trend also gradually supports that children can be raised legally without marriage. At the same time, the concept of raising children for old age is also changing. It is no longer necessary to have children and get married, but an active choice.
As for the rising divorce rate, it is also due to the society's increasing tolerance for divorce, and the practice of divorce is gradually recognized.
Zhao Jian once took over a divorce case in which the young couple still had feelings, but no one could stand their habits in life and chose to divorce -- "girls can't stand the frugality of boys, while boys can't live a life where they suspect girls will be unfaithful." finally, they chose to end their marriage.
The more the economy develops, the lower the marriage rate
Data from the Ministry of civil affairs also show that there are obvious regional differences in the marriage rate -- the more developed the economy is, the lower the marriage rate is.
In 2018, the marriage rates of Shanghai and Zhejiang ranked the bottom two in all provinces of China, with Shanghai ranking the last with a marriage rate of 4.4 & permil.
At the same time, the marriage rate in Tianjin, Guangdong, Beijing and other developed areas is also low. The highest marriage rate is in Tibet, Qinghai, Anhui, Guizhou and other less developed areas. Among them, Guizhou's marriage rate in 2018 was as high as 11.1 & permil;, 2.5 times that of Shanghai.
After the data of five consecutive years of decline in the national marriage rate was released, there was also a discussion about the cost of marriage in different places.
Li Jianmin, a professor of demography at Nankai University, believes that the decline in marriage rate is closely related to the increase in marriage costs. Especially in big cities, high housing prices make marriage a social and economic problem. The rising cost of living, such as buying a house to raise children, makes young people dare not marry easily.
In addition to the cost of living, the delay of marriage age caused by the extension of formal education is also one of the factors of the current decline in marriage rate.
Especially in the developed areas, a large number of talents with high academic qualifications are pouring into them. Generally speaking, young people who continuously complete their master's degree will be in their mid-20s when they graduate, so it's not surprising that they will get married around or after the age of 30.
Xie Xie, executive vice president of Zhejiang marriage and Family Association, pointed out that the reasons why the marriage rate continued to decline were not wanting to get married and not being able to get married. However, the main reason for the decline in the number of married people was the decrease in the number of marriage age groups.
Liu YuanJu, a researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Finance and law, said that as the number of young people is decreasing, the marriage rate is bound to decline. With the change of population structure and the development of aging, the proportion of marriage age population is still decreasing, and the marriage rate is expected to further decline.
However, the regional differences of marriage and divorce rates do not originate from the single variable of economy, but from the multiple factors of society, family structure, national culture, judicial control and population structure.
According to ge Daoshun, a researcher at the Institute of social development strategy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the declining marriage rate and the rising divorce rate are in line with the international trend. According to a report of the organization for economic cooperation and development, marriage rates in almost all OECD countries have declined in the past few decades.
International experience shows that the development of social economy will lead to the decrease of marriage rate and fertility rate.
According to the "statistical report on marriage and divorce in 2018" recently released by the Statistics Department of South Korea, the number of registered marriages per 1000 people in South Korea in 2018 was 5 pairs, 0.2 pairs less than that in the previous year. This is the lowest since 1970.
Japan's marriage rate hit its lowest level since the end of World War II in 2017. According to the National Institute of population and social security, more than one third of Japan's 53 million households are single, and the proportion is expected to rise to about 40% by 2040.
According to Singapore's population bulletin 2018, the number of single people of all ages has increased compared with 10 years ago.