The third day of the third month of the lunar calendar, also known as the 'third March Song Festival' or 'March Song fair', is a traditional song festival of the Zhuang nationality. There are several regular folk song gatherings of the Zhuang nationality every year, such as the 15th of the first month, the 3rd of March, the 8th of April and the 15th of August. So what is the origin of March 3? What are the legends of March 3?
What is the origin of March 3? What are the legends of March 3
Professor Liao Guoyi, deputy director of Guangxi Local Ethnic History Research Institute of Guangxi Normal University and vice president of Guilin Ethnic Research Association, said that the Zhuang people's' March 3 'evolved from Shangsi Festival, the oldest festival of Han people in Central Plains. In 214 B.C., the first emperor of Qin Dynasty dug a Lingqu to unify Lingnan. So far, the exchanges between Guangxi and the Central Plains gradually increased, and the custom of "March 3" was also introduced from the Central Plains to the Zhuang region of Guangxi, and became a festival that had an important impact on the marriage, gathering, singing and other customs of the Zhuang people.
At the festival, people sing to each other. The lyrics include astronomy, geography, national history, real life, production knowledge and so on. In addition to singing, people also compete for fireworks, perform grand dramas, perform acrobatics, dance colorful dragons and phoenixes, and sing GUI opera. On this day, the whole mountain village is immersed in the festival atmosphere. Young men and women will also gather together to sing as a red line to find the right person.
Statistics show that the population of Zhuang Nationality in Guilin is more than 240000, ranking second among the five ethnic minorities in Guilin, namely Yao, Zhuang, Miao, Dong and Hui. Generations of "Song kings" from Guilin have come out of Guangxi and become famous all over the country, singing the strong folk songs. Nearly 20 famous folk song kings and municipal folk song kings have emerged in Guilin.
What is the origin of March 3? What are the legends of March 3
According to legend, a long time ago, there was a man named Wei Dagui who was a minister under a local emperor. Dagui was a young man, but he was very knowledgeable, and he was very concerned about the suffering of the Zhuang people. The Emperor gave him the salary, and he took it back to his hometown and gave it to the people. He had nothing to do with it. One year, when there was a severe drought in zhuangziang, the villagers begged Dagui to tell the local emperor that he would be free of grain. Dagui knelt down and said: 'the people in zhuangziang have no grain, so I went to inspect with qiansui. "When Dagui came to Zhuangxiang, he saw the cracked soil, withered and scorched ears of grain, and groups of yellow and thin people kneeling on the mountain road to complain. Dagui knelt down and said: 'if you see it in person for a thousand years, you will be free of food. "The local emperor had no choice but to get rid of the imperial grain in zhuangziang. After that, he hated Dagui to the bone, but in view of Dagui's reputation, he couldn't find any fault to get rid of him, so he plotted against Dagui.
One day, he called Dagui to the road: "Dagui, you have always been very capable, now I want to ask you to do something for me." after listening to Dagui, he knew that the local emperor had bad intentions, but he said calmly: 'please come here. The earth emperor half squinted and said: 'I'm building a pavilion without tiles. It's said that the shapesheet skin can prevent cold and heat, water and fire, and is durable. I want you to get me 900 shapesheet skins to use as tiles within two months. There will be a lot of rewards. If you can't finish it, you will be punished severely. 'dagui replied easily: 'please come to the gate to check the goods. '
One month later, there was no movement in Dagui. Fifty nine days later, there was still no movement in Dagui. When the deadline arrived, Dagui summoned 900 strong men, each with a catty of glutinous rice, a catty of rice wine, a catty of pepper noodles, to the foot of the imperial city. They cooked glutinous rice and chili soup in a pot. They took off their coats one by one and sat under the gate of the city with bare arms, drinking, drinking chili soup and eating glutinous rice. Just as everyone was full of wine and food, sweating profusely, the earth emperor arrived in the eight lift sedan chair. Dagui quickly went forward and said: 'the goods have been sent to qiansui, but these scumbags are leaking. Can they use them?' "when the earth emperor got out of the sedan chair, he saw that all the black and red skin were wet, as if they had been fished out of the water, stinking. The earth emperor covered his nose with his hands, frowned, and stepped back a few steps: "it's leaking and smelly, it can't be used, it can't be used. Then he turned the sedan chair and went back to the palace. What is the origin of March 3? What are the legends of March 3
If one plan fails, there will be two. As the Qingming Festival was approaching, the Tu emperor changed Dagui to him again, pretending to be very sincere: "Dagui, you have always been very clever. Now I have one thing I want you to do. As soon as Dagui heard it, he knew that the Tu emperor was malicious again, but Dagui said fearlessly: 'please tell me clearly. The Tu emperor narrowed his eyes and said: 'on Tomb Sweeping Day, I need a pig's head as heavy as the mountain behind the palace to worship my ancestors. You can get it for me in a month. When it's time, there will be a lot of rewards. If you miss a major event, you will be severely punished. 'dagui laughs very easily: 'easy to do, easy to do. '
Twenty days later, there was no movement in Dagui. Thirty days later, there was still no movement in Dagui. After the deadline, the Tu emperor sent soldiers to catch Dagui. Dagui and his soldiers went to see the Tu Emperor: "Your Majesty, there are many pig heads bigger than the top of the mountain, but I don't know the weight of the mountain behind the palace. Please use the scale to weigh them, so that I can carry them back. The earth emperor was speechless.
When the local emperor saw that Dagui was very clever, it was a curse to stay in the palace. He had to get rid of him, so he came up with a poisonous plan. One day, he called Dagui to him and said: 'Dagui, you are always smart and capable. In another month, the queen will be sitting in the moon. I heard that the male eggs of Zhuang family are very nutritious. You can get 490 male eggs for me in 20 days, and then you will be rewarded. 'dagui agreed. When the deadline arrived, the Tu emperor sent soldiers to catch Dagui, and Dagui quickly saluted and said: 'I'm very sorry. I'm in confinement. According to the rules of the Zhuang family, I have to take care of 7749 days before I can go out. At that time, I'll send the male eggs to the emperor. The soldier yelled: "how can a man have a child?" if a man doesn't have a child, how can a rooster lay an egg? "The soldier was speechless. Had to go back to report to the emperor, the emperor angry, ordered to catch Dagui.
Hearing the news, the Zhuang people immediately sent it to GUI and hid it in the maple forest on the mountain. The emperor's soldiers went up the mountain to search and surrounded them. They saw that there was still glutinous rice left in the forest, but no one was there. The emperor ordered to set the mountain on fire. It was the third day of March. After the soldiers left, the villagers went up to the mountain and found Dagui's body in a maple cave where they could not hold him. They buried him with tears in their eyes. Men and women, old and young, cried in front of the grave. Cry! Cry! Tears sprinkled on the grave, the grave suddenly grew a small green maple, a clump of green red orchid grass. In memory of Dagui, villagers built a temple next to the tomb, which is called Dagui hall. Because Dagui liked to drink and eat glutinous rice during his life, he defeated the emperor by drinking and eating glutinous rice. Later, he was killed because he couldn't take out the male eggs. So on the third day of March, every family in zhuangziang came to Dagui's tomb with rice wine, glutinous rice and cooked eggs. Just as people fell into mourning, the sky suddenly thundered. A big snake with five colors rushed out of the temple. The snake nodded to the villagers and went straight to the palace to kill the emperor.
Since then, in order to commemorate Dagui, the Zhuang people in Western Guangxi have built greenhouses every year to the third day of March. It is said that the dead who died outside could not enter their homes, so people had to put five colored glutinous rice and other sacrifices under the cloth shed to offer sacrifices to Dagui's dead, and sing praises and thanks to Dagui's Zhuang Huan around the cloth shed. From generation to generation, the custom of three songs in March has been formed.