Nowadays, most of the population is aging. According to the definition of the United Nations, when the number of people over 65 years old in a country or region accounts for more than 7% of the total population, it means that the country or region has entered an aging society. What about the current situation of foreign pension model? Learn about the new trend of overseas pension development in 2019.
Britain: more development of community care for the aged as home care for the aged
Britain is one of the earliest countries to enter the aging process, and the aging problem is more serious. According to the data released by the British National Bureau of statistics in July 2017, the proportion of the elderly over 65 years old in the total population of the UK is 18%, and the proportion of the elderly over 85 years old is 2.4%; it is estimated that by 2046, the proportion of the elderly over 65 years old in the UK will reach 24.7%. At the same time, life expectancy in the UK is increasing. It is estimated that by 2036, life expectancy will reach 86.6 years for women and 83.7 years for men.
At present, the majority of the elderly in Britain choose community-based care, which reflects the British people's idea of "providing for the aged at home" or "providing for the aged at home" as much as possible. According to the British community care act, almost all communities are equipped with relevant auxiliary facilities, services and assistance policies for the elderly. On the community website, we can find the corresponding services of various pension needs.
Nowadays, the British community pension system has formed a relatively complete system. Compared with the construction of nursing homes and the centralized care of the elderly, the "de institutionalized" community pension can better mobilize private resources, show the flexibility of pension services, and enable the elderly to integrate into the family and community to the maximum extent, so that the elderly can spend their twilight years in their familiar environment as far as possible 。 Community service departments are supervised by the government, and their qualifications, service levels and employees are regularly checked. According to their own needs and self-care ability, the elderly can choose activity centers, day nurseries and nursing institutions for the elderly. The services include taking care of daily life, accompanying shopping for medical treatment and psychological support.
Japan: many customized services for the elderly
In recent years, the aging degree of Japan is deepening. According to the latest data, the number of elderly people over 65 years old in Japan has reached 35.57 million, accounting for 28.1% of the total population, which is expected to rise to 38% by 2055. With the advent of "super aging society", the elderly has become the focus of Japanese enterprises. Providing more suitable goods and services for the elderly can not only facilitate the life of the elderly, but also promote the growth of consumer spending, injecting new vitality into Japanese enterprises and economy.
In terms of travel services, the Social Welfare Association of Kagawa City, qunma Prefecture, Japan launched a car sharing shopping policy for the elderly over 75 in March this year. If the elderly go to the supermarket within two kilometers, they only need to pay 500 yen (100 yen, about 6.12 yuan) round-trip fare. After more than two kilometers, an additional 100 yen will be paid for every 500 meters of distance. This service is generally praised by the local elderly -- 'taxi drivers help to carry things to the door, and don't worry about buying heavier items. The Social Welfare Association of Yichuan plans to extend the service to the whole city in the next three years to further increase the number of participating stores.
The various daily needs of the elderly also inspire enterprises to carry out many 'customized services'. In recent years, the development of science and technology has facilitated people's life, but it has also confused many elderly people. In order to help the elderly integrate into the smart society, tokomo, one of the three major telecom operators in Japan, has set up a "smart phone classroom" for the elderly to teach them how to use smart phones hand in hand. In addition, in order to enable the elderly to better understand the functions of home appliances, a Japanese enterprise specially recruited people over 60 as staff when selling products for the elderly.
Many cosmetic companies in Japan have launched cosmetics for the elderly. These enterprises enter nursing homes to customize make-up for the elderly and bring them beautiful enjoyment and happy mood.
In terms of diet, Meiji house food chain stores in Japan continue to offer soft and delicious food in recent years, so that the elderly with teeth falling off can also eat delicious food with complete color, fragrance and taste. According to the survey of Japan's Yano Economic Research Institute, the market scale of processed food for the elderly in Japan in 2017 has reached 66.8 billion yen, which will continue to expand in the future.
South Korea: providing more employment opportunities for the elderly
By the end of 2017, the total population of South Korea was 51.42 million, of which the population aged 65 and above accounted for 14.2% of the total population, marking that South Korea has officially entered an 'aging society'.
According to Yonhap, there are 7.115 million people aged 65 or above, accounting for 14.2% of the total population, and 3908 people aged 100 or above, an increase of 12.1% over the previous year. After South Korea entered the "aging society" in 2000, it entered the "aging society" only 17 years later. The analysis shows that the speed of South Korea's transformation from an aging society to an aging society is the highest in the world. It is estimated that South Korea will enter the "super aging society" in 2026. It is estimated that by 2050, the proportion of the elderly population in South Korea will rank second in the world. With the acceleration of the unprecedented super high-speed aging process in South Korea, the disappearance of the demographic dividend, which has promoted economic growth in the past decades, will become the biggest risk factor for South Korea's economy.
Jiyeoun song, an associate professor at the Institute of International Studies at Seoul National University, said that South Korea is aging faster than Japan. Most of the aging countries in the world are aging at a rate of 15%. It took only seven years for South Korea to grow from 7% to 14%. We expect that South Korea will enter a super aging society in 2026, that is to say, most of the population will be over 65 years old. '
Similar to the current situation in China, South Korea mainly relies on 'family support', but as time goes on, many elderly people in South Korea begin to live alone. The most direct problem of living alone is the lack of care. In the future, the elderly living in rural areas will be happier than the urban elderly. They can easily connect with the communities around them and have neighbors to take care of each other. However, as an old man in a city, most of the apartment residents are indifferent to each other. "They don't know each other and can't help each other at the critical time. '
Song Jiyong said that the South Korean government has introduced two relatively innovative solutions: one is to provide more employment opportunities for the elderly; the other is that the government loans to the elderly, and the elderly mortgage their real estate. "If the elderly want money, you can ask the government to borrow it. After his death, the government can take back his house. '
Germany: accepting immigrants to fill labor vacancies
Some German media said that Germany has noticed the problem of aging since 20 years ago. At present, Germany has decided to extend the retirement age to 67 by 2020, and hopes to fill the labor vacancy by accepting immigrants. In the future, Germany's pension expenditure is bound to decline.
In Germany, statutory public endowment insurance is the main body, while enterprise endowment insurance and private endowment insurance are complementary. Data show that by 2040, the ratio of pensioners to pensioners in Germany will rise from 53 to 100 to 73 to 100. Therefore, the German government is trying to expand the proportion of enterprise endowment insurance and private endowment insurance in the whole insurance system.
The United States: the government pays for relatives to care for the elderly. According to expert analysis, the United States has entered the aging population for a long time, and the development process is slow, which objectively provides enough time for the American society to cope with the aging population. The United States has made a lot of useful explorations and accumulated rich experience in dealing with the aging population. The United States has a developed endowment insurance system. As early as 1935, the US Congress passed the social security act. After more than half a century of development, its endowment insurance system has been quite perfect. According to the U.S. social security agency, the number of people who participate in retirement insurance in the United States accounts for about 96% of all employees, which means that almost all social workers have been included in the insurance coverage.
'we are now asking community care institutions to provide user centered care. "In the past, this kind of care was usually outsourced to social work institutions, but now the new plan is to require family members or spouses to take care of the elderly, and then give them appropriate incentives," said Professor Edward Lawler of the aging research center in St. Louis.
'in some states, it pays about $11-15 an hour. If this kind of care is highly technical, laborious and challenging, the hourly pay may be higher. 'Edward & middot; Lawler said that the program has been put into practice in many states of the United States, and the effect is acceptable.
In addition to the government's purchase of family members' pension care services, some private insurance companies are also involved in the design of related products. They start selling insurance products to a person when he is young, and when he needs care in his old age, they will pay for the "purchase service" on demand. "The change of the government's concept of caring for the elderly by family members is not a matter of & lsquo; a word & gt;, but a matter of practical action, encouragement and cash reward for these family members. "Most Americans don't think that providing for the aged is the obligation of their children. They prefer the independence of the elderly and the independence of their children. But now, in the face of the severe aging trend, the U.S. government is more and more inclined to encourage 'home-based care'.
In the field of technology, Americans are now vigorously supporting telemedicine and telemedicine products, especially in rural areas. This technology has brought great help to local people. The development funds of these projects are not all raised by the enterprises themselves. Many of them come from the medical insurance and medical assistance centers run by the government.
France: promoting tourism for the elderly and settling in 'old people's village'
Since the end of the last century, the French government has gradually adjusted the pension insurance system, increasing the legal retirement age and reducing the payment standard of pension. Although the pension gap in France has narrowed recently, industry insiders predict that the pension deficit in France will return to the level of 0.3% after 2022. The French government still needs to devote itself to the long-term layout of the reform of the endowment insurance system.
French old people like to travel and enjoy life. The French government has specially designed a village for the elderly. All kinds of cultural activities, such as water sports, gymnastics, bridge games, etc.
Sweden: providing the most perfect pension security in the world
Sweden's pension system is roughly divided into three categories: universal pension, employment pension and private savings. In Sweden, even citizens without fixed units can still get at least 7600 kronor (about 7300 yuan) per month of universal pension deposit after retirement.
The policy of supporting the elderly will inevitably cost a lot of medical expenses, but Sweden will pay for a suitable living environment and living security for the elderly, so that children will not worry about the elderly, and the elderly can also enjoy the preferential treatment of the state, which is a good measure for the elderly to spend their old age.
The perfect pension system allows the Swedish elderly to freely choose their own way of life, some people sailing around the world, some people traveling around the world