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What were the activities of Qingming Festival in ancient times? What are the ancient travel modes of

We know that Qingming Festival is a festival of sacrifice and remembrance. Qingming Festival is a traditional festival in China, so we are all familiar with it. However, when it comes to the customs and travel modes of Qingming Festival in ancient times, there must be many people who don't know it. So today, let's talk about the activities of Qingming Festival in ancient times and people's travel modes!

What are the activities of Qingming Festival in 2019? How to celebrate the ancient Qingming Festival

Since the Qingming Festival became a traditional folk festival in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the basic nature of the festival customs has not changed greatly while the content of the festival customs has been constantly enriched. However, with the evolution and progress of social life, the folk custom of Qingming Festival has changed from sacred sacrifice to secular Entertainment. According to the records of Jingchu years old, there are games such as fighting chicken, carving eggs, playing ball, tug of war and so on.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Dai described the Qingming scenery of Yangzhou in his "a dream of Taoan: Qingming in Yangzhou": "it's a day when the merchants of Huizhou, Xijia, Quzhong prostitutes, and all the good Samaritans gather together.". In Changtang, the grass is abundant, and the horses are flying eagles; in gaofupinggang, the cockfighting is playing zither. Prodigal son sumo, childish paper warbler, old monk cause and effect, storytelling for those, standing in the forest, squatting and stung. As the sun sets, there are many cars and horses. The official gate is elegant, the car curtain is open, the spleen is full of fatigue, the mountain flowers are inserted obliquely, and the door is broken. This is very similar to the "Qingming Carnival" in Jiangnan in the Ming Dynasty. From Zhang Dai's article, we can see that the custom of Qingming Festival not only stresses the prohibition of fire and tomb sweeping, but also has a series of entertainment and fitness activities, such as horse riding, eagle flying, chicken fighting, Cuju, kite flying, etc. '

ancient game of kicking a ball

Cuju flourished in the Tang Dynasty, the ancient people play football known as Cuju. Ju is a kind of ball, the ball is made of leather, and the ball is tightly stuffed with wool. Zhong Wupo of Tang Dynasty wrote in his ode to balloons: "in cold weather, the scenery is beautiful and the moon is full. In the Tang Dynasty, women's hockey was also popular.

fly a kite

On Tomb Sweeping Day, people not only fly kites during the day, but also at night. At night, a string of colorful lanterns are hung under the kite or on the wind stable cable, like twinkling stars, which are called 'magic lamp'. In the past, after flying kites, some people cut the strings and sent them to the ends of the earth in the breeze. It is said that this way can eliminate diseases and disasters and bring good luck to themselves.

tug-of-war

Yue began in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. At that time, it was called tug of war. It can not only exercise, but also be a competitive game. According to Fengshi Wenjian Ji written by Tang Dynasty's Fengyan: "in ancient times, it was used as a cable, while today's people use hemp as a rope. It's forty or fifty feet long, with hundreds of small ropes at both ends, two friends and two directions. In the middle of Dahuan, a big banner was set up as the boundary, and the drums and drums were shaken to make noise, so that the two sides could lead each other. The one who was defeated was the winner, and the one who was defeated was the loser. "The form of tug of war at that time was basically the same as today's, except that today's tug of war used a single rope, while the ancient rope was' tied with hundreds of small ropes at both ends'. Therefore, the number of tug of war in ancient times was much more than today's, and the scene was bigger, more lively and more intense.

Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, was a fan of tug of war. He vigorously promoted the tug of war. Tang Yulin has vividly recorded the largest tug of war at that time: "there were more than a thousand people in the tug of war, and the audience were shocked by the noise of the land. Even the foreign guests were shocked by the grand event.

What are the travel modes of ancient Qingming Festival

In Su Shi's "hanshiti", there are two words: "that is hanshiti, but you can see the paper in black", and another one is "paper money flying in the wind in the wilderness", which shows that people were going out to worship their ancestors during this period. On this day, men and women can go outing together, so the poets describe the situation that it doesn't rain during the Qingming Festival as follows: Huang Tingjian of the Song Dynasty once described the fumigation of flowers during the Qingming Festival; Cheng Hao of the Song Dynasty said in his suburban travel Jishi that "if it's a fine day during the Qingming Festival, don't forget to return home.". Wu Weixin, a poet of the Song Dynasty, explains in his book Su Di Qingming Jishi that "the wanderers are half out of the city in spring these days.". All these prove that outing has become one of the most preferred activities of ancient people in Qingming Festival.

The painting of Mrs. Guo's spring outing depicts the scene of Mrs. Guo, the third sister of Yang Yuhuan, the favorite concubine of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, and her family members traveling in full dress on the third day of March. At that time, the folk custom of the prosperous Tang Dynasty was so open that Mrs. Guo and her maid rode on horseback. In the Song Dynasty, women mainly travel in sedan chair. In history, especially in the Han and Tang Dynasties, there are many love stories. For example, it was at the age of 19 that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty met Wei Zifu, a talented and beautiful singer, for 50 years.

The best reflection of the Qingming Festival is the famous "Qingming River map". But different copies depict different Qing Ming customs in different dynasties. In the picture of Qingming River collected by Zhang Zeduan of the Northern Song Dynasty in the Palace Museum of Beijing, more than 550 people travel on bridges, streets and suburbs along the Bian River in Kaifeng, the capital city, especially in the city center. The willow branches on the sedan chair reflect the custom of inserting willows during the Qingming Festival in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The picture of Qingming River painted by Qiu Ying, which is collected in Liaoning Provincial Museum, depicts the prosperous Qingming Festival in Suzhou City in the Ming Dynasty. There are as many as 2000 people in the painting. Qiu Ying's work also depicts the custom of "thick people and thin ghosts" in Jiangnan on Tomb Sweeping Day. The sedan chairs decorated with red silk and the men and women who went to visit the tombs were all dressed in gorgeous costumes, riding in ornate boats, beating gongs and drums, cheering and drinking all the way.

In ancient times, there was also a Qingming custom in Chengdu, which was Jiangyan Water Festival. In history, every year, the Qingming Festival of the lunar calendar is held in Dujiangyan to hold a grand ceremony of releasing water, in order to wish the agricultural harvest that year. People will start ahead of time, walk or take a sedan chair to see the ceremony.