The No. 1 central document was authorized by Xinhua News Agency on the evening of 19, which is the No. 1 central document since 2000, focusing on sixteenth rural areas. The full name of the document is "some opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on adhering to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas and doing a good job in the work of" agriculture, rural areas and farmers ".
No. 1 central document is the first document issued by the CPC Central Committee every year. This year's document still focuses on the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and at the same time, it calls for vigorously promoting the rural poverty alleviation. So, in the new stage of implementing the strategy of rural revitalization, what are the differences between this year's documents and the past? What changes will it bring to the countryside?
1、 Changes in implementation
1. Two years' work on agriculture, rural areas and farmers
In previous years, No. 1 document only deployed the work of that year, while this year's No. 1 document planned the work of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" this year and next. Around the overall goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, a series of rural reform and development goals that must be completed by 2020 are put forward, such as winning the battle to get rid of poverty, completing the three-year action task of rural residential environment improvement, realizing the per capita disposable income of farmers doubling compared with 2010, and ensuring that farmers' lives reach a well-off level.
2. More attention should be paid to cadres of agriculture, rural areas and farmers
Last year's No. 1 document put forward principle requirements for Rural Revitalization and agricultural and rural development. This year's No. 1 document has made more detailed and practical deployment and arrangement, emphasizing the implementation of "four priorities". One of the most noteworthy is to link it with the performance appraisal. "Priority should be given to the allocation of cadres". We should enrich outstanding cadres to the front line of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". We should also enrich local party and government groups at all levels by selecting cadres who are familiar with the work of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". We will fully implement the remuneration of village cadres and establish a normal growth mechanism.
3. Strictly check the key problems of poverty alleviation
This year's No. 1 document takes poverty alleviation as a special part and puts it in the first part. It attaches great importance to poverty alleviation. According to the rhythm of more than 10 million people out of poverty every year, there is no suspense for China to achieve the expected goal. But the majority of cadres and farmers reflect that there are some outstanding problems in poverty alleviation, such as false poverty alleviation and sandwich layer. At the same time, the document puts forward to comprehensively investigate the outstanding problems, and also emphasizes to prevent blindly raising standards and appetites, put an end to digital poverty alleviation and false poverty alleviation, and strengthen poverty alleviation monitoring. In view of the problem of poverty alleviation sandwich layer, we will study and solve new problems such as the lack of policy support for the people whose income level is slightly higher than that of the poverty-stricken families who set up files and cards.
2、 More benefits to the countryside
The main reason for the continuous flow of rural population and capital to cities is the lack of funds and talents in rural areas and the inferior public services and infrastructure. In order to change this situation, we need strong intervention of policy, perfect rural governance and bring comprehensive changes to rural economy and society.
1. Rural finance
In the past, the rural finance suffered serious bleeding, not only the loan was difficult and expensive, the financial support was not as strong as that of the city, but also the capital kept flowing out. The document regards agriculture and rural areas as the priority areas of financial security and financial services, trying to reverse this trend.
(1) Finance: we will increase the public financial support to ensure that the investment is continuously increased and the total amount is continuously increased.
(2) Finance: open up all links of financial services for "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", promote the return of rural financial institutions to the original source, and serve the local "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". The new loans at the county level are mainly used to support rural revitalization.
(3) Futures: support the listing of futures options of featured agricultural products in key fields.
(4) Bonds: a certain proportion of local government bond funds shall be used to support the renovation of rural residential environment, village infrastructure construction and other key areas.
2. Rural infrastructure
This document has brought tangible benefits to farmers. Roads, electricity, water, houses and networks all have welfare benefits. We will speed up the improvement of rural infrastructure and improve rural production and living conditions.
(1) Road: to realize that all the qualified villages are connected with hardened roads, and the areas with conditions are extended to natural villages
(2) Electricity: accelerate the completion of a new round of rural power grid transformation
(3) Water: strengthen the protection of drinking water sources in rural areas and speed up the solution of "draught difficulty" in rural areas
(4) Housing: continue to promote the transformation of dilapidated houses in rural areas
（5） Network: promote the extension of broadband network to villages, promote speed up and cost reduction
(6) Logistics: improve the county rural logistics infrastructure network, and encourage enterprises to establish logistics distribution points in counties and villages with conditions
3. Rural Governance
Rural governance is an important aspect of rural software construction, which is related to rural harmony and stability. These aspects are also the hot spots concerned by village cadres and ordinary people.
(1) Weddings and funerals: Governance of bad social customs such as bad habits of marriage and funeral, priceless bride price, declining filial piety and no dependence on the old
(2) Black and evil forces: crack down on the black and evil forces in rural areas, and put an end to the erosion of grass-roots political power by the black and evil forces such as' village tyrants'
(3) Remuneration and treatment: fully implement the remuneration and treatment of village cadres and office funds of village level organizations, and establish a normal growth mechanism
3、 New direction of agricultural development
At present, the development of rural areas is getting better and better. First of all, agricultural subsidies have been made clear. China is a large agricultural country with nearly 600 million farmers. Agriculture is still a weak industry, which determines that agriculture must be supported and protected. In accordance with the spirit of the document, the state will comprehensively consider the relationship between market-oriented reform orientation and the protection of farmers' interests, and further improve the agricultural support and protection policies in accordance with the principles of increasing the total amount, optimizing the stock and improving the efficiency.
Secondly, it defines the main body of policy support. We will focus on two new types of agricultural operators: family farms and farmers' cooperatives, launch a family farm cultivation plan, carry out standardized and improved actions for farmers' cooperatives, and establish and improve policy systems and management systems to support the development of family farms and farmers' cooperatives.
What's more, we should choose the direction of agricultural industry, and put forward several industrial types to develop vigorously in the document.
1. Rural characteristic industries. Emphasis on 'local name' and 'township name', such as edible fungus, miscellaneous grains and beans, traditional Chinese medicine, characteristic breeding and flowers and seedlings. In order to do well in rural characteristic industries, it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of rural resources, ecology and culture.
2. New rural service industry. There are two kinds of new service industries, one is to provide agricultural productive services to farmers, the other is to provide living services to urban and rural residents. With the improvement of people's living standards, the development prospect of the latter is prominent. It is necessary to develop leisure tourism, catering folklore, cultural experience, health care, service for the elderly and other rural tertiary industries.
3. Modern agricultural products processing industry. In the past, farmers' low income was due to selling raw materials in rural areas and processing in cities. Nowadays, the document puts forward that "the head of grain and the tail of food, the head of agriculture and the tail of industry" is to support family farms and farmers' cooperatives to operate the primary processing of agricultural products, and to support the county's development of intensive processing. This is usually called the rural secondary industry, which is conducive to leaving more processing value-added income to farmers.
4、 What are the differences between land policies?
The document proposes to promote rural reform with the reform of land system as the traction. The most important thing in this respect is to make clear the bottom line that we should stick to in deepening the reform of rural land system. At the same time, the experience accumulated in the previous pilot projects may be revised or gradually pushed forward. For the reform projects with different progress and sensitivity, different requirements are put forward. It can be summarized as three insistence, two permission, two acceleration and one push.
1、 Three insistences: adhere to the collective ownership of rural land, do not engage in privatization, adhere to agricultural land, prevent non-agricultural. The most important thing for farmers is to protect their land rights and interests, and not to withdraw from the contracted land and homestead as the conditions for farmers to enter the city and settle down. This is a reassurance for the farmers who come to the city, not to worry about the land being reclaimed.
2. Two permits: the right to operate the contracted land is allowed to be secured for financing; the convenience of mortgage loan. Allow to carry out the renovation of idle school buildings, factory buildings and abandoned land in the county: activate land resources
3. Two acceleration: accelerate the work of confirming the right to use the homestead, register and issue certificates, and strive to basically complete the work by 2020: improve the rights and interests of homestead. We will accelerate the reform of the stock cooperative system of rural collective operating assets, and continue to expand the scope of the pilot program: farmers change into shareholders with dividends
4. One push: comprehensively push forward the reform of rural land acquisition system and the reform of rural collective operating construction land entering the market
The above No. 1 Central Document No. 1 downtown pressure on the economy is in the same direction as before. It emphasized the importance of doing well the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China believes that under the complicated situation of the economic downward pressure and profound changes in the external environment, the work of doing well in agriculture, rural areas and farmers has special characteristics. Has made many hard tasks this year.