Under the background of the rapid development of aging in China, "community pension" as the third pension mode after family pension and institutional pension, community pension service has become an important way to cope with the aging of population in China, and plays an important role in the pension service system. What are the difficulties of community pension? What are the countermeasures to improve the community pension difficulties?
The survey shows that most elderly families are in a state of empty nest, and the elderly care phenomenon is more prominent
The survey results show that at present, 1582 old communities built before 1990 in our city have a significantly higher degree of aging than that in the whole city. There are 2816 urban communities in Beijing, including 1582 old communities built before 1990, which are mainly distributed in six districts. By the end of 2013, Beijing's elderly population aged 60 and over lived in the Sixth District of the city, reaching 1.85 million, accounting for 66.24% of the city's total elderly population. In addition to Haidian District, the proportion of the elderly population has exceeded 24.26%, 3% higher than the average of 21.2% in Beijing.
The research shows that the elderly population in the old community presents the following characteristics: first, the degree of aging is significantly higher than that of the whole city. Among the elderly population, 70.5% are aged 70 and over, far higher than the city's 50.9% year-on-year; the elderly population aged 80 and over (355000 people) accounts for 74.89% of the city's (474000 people), with a significant trend of aging. Second, the level of empty nest is high. According to the survey, 15.5% of the elderly live alone, while 56% live together with couples, accounting for 71.5% in total. This shows that most elderly families are in a state of empty nest, and the elderly care phenomenon is more prominent.
Some problems in current community pension service
Compared with the current situation and actual needs, the living environment and community pension service of the old community need to be further improved. The survey shows that the main problems to be solved are as follows:
1. The absence of barrier free environment is obvious. Most of the old communities are brick and concrete buildings with five floors or so. 55.5% of the respondents live on three floors or above. Because there is no elevator, it is inconvenient for them to go up and down. The proportion of housing types within 60 ㎡ is 47.5%, and there is no barrier free transformation generally.
2. The elderly care service is lagging behind. One is the lack of indoor activity places for the elderly. Many elderly people in old communities play chess and chat in outdoor environment all the year round. It's not convenient or healthy because of cold winter and hot summer haze. Second, the service content of community medical service station is single. Most of the medical service stations rely on the original residential buildings or community office buildings, with a small area, mainly to provide prescribed drugs, and carry out physical examination, rehabilitation and other services less than 6%, generally without prevention services. Third, community day care is weak. Compared with the current situation and needs of the old community, the lack of day care institutions is prominent.
Countermeasures to further improve the old community pension service
Under the situation of aging and empty nest, we should further improve the old community pension conditions.
1. Focus on prevention and improve the comprehensive service function of community medical service station. International experience shows that disease prevention of the elderly population is very important to control and delay the elderly into disability and semi disability. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a new service model focusing on prevention according to the aging status of old communities. It is necessary to take the existing community medical service station as a starting point to facilitate the timely treatment of the elderly by allocating general practitioners, appropriately liberalizing the types of commonly used drugs for the elderly, and implementing two-way referral. At the same time, we should strengthen the allocation of community medical service stations and doctors' resources, guide and support the implementation of prevention, home-based and rehabilitation services.
2. Pay attention to home safety and improve the barrier free environment for the elderly. It is suggested that the government should adopt outsourcing service mode, select service providers through unified bidding, and the residents should bear part of the operating costs through consultation, so as to implement market-oriented operation under the supervision of the government. On the other hand, we should actively explore the renovation of barrier free indoor environment in the old community, such as the provision of small house type renovation scheme, part of financial support for the difficult groups, etc., so as to make the renovation of the old community more close to the needs of the elderly.
3. Integrate resources and gradually solve the problem of site tension. First, actively tap existing resources to expand the site. The government can rent the old people's activity site of the unit on a regular basis by purchasing public services, etc., which can provide convenience for the old people without activity site. Second, make full use of the surplus public housing. At present, there are still some houses belonging to the public property right in the old community, so we should actively explore the reuse of such houses that meet the conditions. Third, we should make full use of the opportunity of transformation, base on the long-term, reasonably plan as a whole, and fundamentally solve the problem of insufficient space in the old community.