The endowment insurance system of public institutions is an important part of China's social security system. For a long time, institutions have implemented the pension system, which plays an important role in ensuring the life of retirees and maintaining social stability. Is the reform of endowment insurance good or bad? Which groups are good for?
Due to the late start of basic endowment insurance and basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, the treatment level is still not high; due to the uneven distribution of financial capacity and fund balance, and the low level of overall planning, the function of social security mutual aid is not fully played, resulting in a large difference in treatment between regions; due to the fact that the government agencies and institutions still implement the unit retirement pension system, and the enterprise staff pension system In the course of "track" operation, the contradiction between the treatment gap is prominent and the social response is strong.
Because the social security system construction in China adopts the way of "first urban, then rural, gradually advancing by groups", plus the short implementation time of the rural social security system, and the implementation of the voluntary insurance policy, there are more than 100 million people who do not participate in the basic endowment insurance, mainly some employees of non-public economic organizations, urban flexible employees, migrant workers and some rural residents.
The number of active civil servants in China is about 7 million, and the number of active employees in 1.26 million institutions of all kinds is more than 30 million. The pension of government institutions does not need to be paid by themselves, but is directly paid by the finance, while that of social enterprises is paid by units and individuals according to certain standards.
The financial and Economic Committee of the National People's Congress conducted a survey on the overall promotion of the construction of urban and rural social security system. According to the data provided in the survey report, 49% of the respondents expressed dissatisfaction with the large gap between the pension of employees in government agencies and institutions and the pension of employees in enterprises.
Since May this year, the finance and Economic Commission of the National People's Congress has set up a research group, focusing on the basic endowment insurance system, basic medical insurance system, social assistance system and other aspects, to carry out special research.
The research report points out that the dual system of endowment insurance between government institutions and enterprises needs to be solved urgently. This conclusion is based on a questionnaire survey conducted by the research team on the website of the people's Congress of China. It is reported that according to this questionnaire, 49% of the respondents expressed dissatisfaction with the large gap between the pension of employees in institutions and enterprises.
In the early 1990s, the government agencies and institutions did not participate in the reform of enterprise pension insurance. Although some places later carried out the pilot reform of government agencies and institutions pension, most of them only paid social security fees in the form, and the system and mechanism did not change fundamentally. In the survey, all regions also reflect that the dual track system is a prominent problem in the current social security system.
The research report also pointed out that since the reform of the enterprise endowment insurance system, the gap between the pension of employees in government agencies and institutions and the pension of employees in enterprises has gradually widened. The relevant departments of Gansu Province reported to the research team that in 2014, the level of the provincial government agencies and institutions' employees' retirement expenses was 3227 yuan per month, and the basic pension level of enterprise employees was 2065 yuan per month. Some retired employees of state-owned enterprises were assigned to work in enterprises by the state at that time. After retirement, the pension is far lower than that of cadres and workers in government institutions and institutions and with their own conditions. They have a lot of opinions on the dual track system, and the opinions of enterprise managers and retired workers with senior technical titles are even greater.
In addition, different welfare standards such as funeral subsidies for government institutions and enterprises further widen the treatment gap.
The report also points out that the dual track system also affects the flow of personnel between government agencies, institutions and enterprises. Employees of government agencies and institutions do not need to pay endowment insurance premiums, nor do they have personal accounts. The employees of the enterprise shall pay for the expenses and have personal accounts. There are differences in payment records when people move, which will affect the treatment of endowment insurance in the future. From the perspective of improving the system, the employees of government agencies and institutions are also the last areas not covered by the endowment insurance system, so all kinds of people should be included in the system of basic endowment insurance.