Ant 2
Movie scene: the reality of mind control Corps research: complex neural signals, difficult to co load electromagnetic waves
Can a small ear clamping device convey people's thoughts and control the actions of hundreds of ants?
If the process of bioelectrical signal transmission is disassembled, it can be found that this is a process of capturing, converting, transmitting and receiving the electrical signal of human neurons. In this process, human beings should understand the meaning of the electrical pulse transmitted by neurons as well as the underlying source code of the program. However, in the field of Neurology, this work has only opened a small corner.
Little is known about neuroscience at present
If we take the hundreds of millions of lines of code in a computer system as the total, the part of people's understanding of neuroscience may be less than one hundred million. After scientists have studied 100000 neurons in the brain of zebrafish for several years, some domestic experts said recently that they would complete the mapping of zebrafish neurons by 2020. In contrast, the neurons in the human brain are several times more complex, and the mapping work is currently estimated to take decades.
The research work of global synchronous propulsion also includes the significance of different neural loops to send signals. For example, Cao Peng's team of Beijing Institute of life sciences has identified an excitatory neural loop in the superior colliculus of the visual center of mice, which uses small albumin as a biomarker, to indirectly transmit the early warning information to the amygdala of the fear center through various technical means such as optogenetics. Direct stimulation of the neural loop resulted in the same animal response as life-threatening.
It's hard to find the carrier of mind transmission
It may be possible to extract and transmit the signals transmitted in neurons in "ant Man 2", but the transmission medium remains to be discussed. Lu Zhonghua, a researcher at Shenzhen Institute of advanced technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: 'at this stage, the electromagnetic wave has not yet achieved the ability to accurately transmit the complex information carried by itself to the target neuron. '
The tangible medium may be more likely to be the 'first choice' for the transmission carrier than the electromagnetic wave in the movie. It can be vividly understood as the difference between the carrier capacity of wired telephone and mobile phone. The wired telephone realizes the point-to-point data transmission more accurately and easily, while the decoding ability of the mobile phone in the complex area and terrain is very weak. For example, there are often noises, the types of sound waves are relatively simple, and the EEG signals are much more complex.
The mechanism of "reverse application" of cells still needs to be explored
Another possible way of thinking is perhaps the 'reverse application' of biological cells themselves. There are 'life instruments' in life which can convert sound wave, light signal and so on. If the mechanism is penetrated and used reversely, it may be obtained and transmitted without knowing the meaning of neuron electrical signal.
For example, in terms of hearing, the cell that converts sound waves into electrical signals is the 'hair cell'. Using a single hair cell, scientists have created an electromechanical converter for 'parts'. Using a very thin glass fiber to imitate sound waves to push static cilia, the hair cells will produce potential changes. If the device is operated in the opposite way, it is likely to convert the neural signal in the form of a series of potential changes into mechanical vibration, and then spread and utilize it. However, at present, scientists can not fully reveal the molecular mechanism inside the cell, and further basic research is needed to realize its utilization.
All in all, people know little about neuroscience now. Brain wave is still in the basic research stage of capture and reproduction, and has not yet reached the transition state and transmission utilization, let alone the application research of animal behavior control with brain wave.
Captain America
Film scene: 20 seconds to become strong scientific research reality: Although the serum is good, it can not be used indiscriminately, compared with ant man, the leader of the United States of America, the leader of Avengers League, is grounded a lot. The captain of the United States was an ordinary young man named Steve & sdot; Rogers. He wanted to join the national defense after the outbreak of World War II. But he was thin and short, only 90 pounds (81.6 kg), and he was still not selected after repeated fraud. With the help of a chief scientist of the project, he was injected with super soldier serum first, then shocked by an unknown instrument, and then grew stronger and stronger in tens of seconds, and his speed, strength and endurance improved instantly. He was called the captain of the United States.
The serum in this work is like the spinach in Popeye, but it's just a can of "Forever brand" serotype "spinach. The data showed that serum provided basic nutrients, hormones and various growth factors. The effect of steroids on body changes has been known for a long time. People call the mysterious drugs that promote muscle growth as "steroids". In competitive sports, there are always some athletes who want to win medals and try such products to improve their performance.
Steroids control the body's life activities because they directly affect gene expression in the nucleus in only three steps. The main component of the cell membrane is phospholipid, while the molecular weight of steroid hormone is small and fat soluble, and the 'first step' of penetrating the cell membrane is like no one. In the second step, it enters the nucleus through the Ca2 + channel and forms hormone receptor complex with the substances in the cytoplasm. The third step is to 'adsorb' on chromatin after assembly, control DNA transcription, and then induce or reduce the synthesis of some proteins, affecting the body changes. In these three steps, a hormone molecule can generate thousands of protein molecules, thus realizing the amplification function of hormone.
According to the relevant data, some athletes also use blood transfusion technology to improve their performance in order to avoid detection, but this method will not only lead to high blood viscosity, but also greatly damage the circulatory system of users.
Jurassic Park
Movie scene: mosquito blood hatches big dinosaur scientific research reality: to rebuild life, we need to obtain stem cells first
The most fascinating and controversial part of biotechnology should be 'creation'. According to the genesis of the Bible, God created life on the 5th and 6th day respectively. In Jurassic Park, scientists use the blood of dinosaurs condensed in amber to revive the 65 million year old dinosaurs.
Stem cells are the origin of life development. Every living individual starts his life journey from undifferentiated stem cells, which can be described as a necessary product for "creation". Before that, embryos could only be obtained from embryonic stem cell development. Until 2006, Japanese scholar Masao Yamanaka published a paper on the research of inducing mouse somatic cells to produce stem cells. He won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for the study in 2012.
In 2009, Zhou Qi, a Chinese scholar from the Institute of zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, used tetraploid embryo technology to cultivate 27 in vivo mice derived from iPS induced by somatic cells, which finally proved that the somatic cells can obtain stem cells after "reprogramming". This provides a small possibility for the dinosaur blood cells contained in mosquitoes in Jurassic Park to become stem cells.
In 2008, Deng Hongkui, a professor of Peking University, conducted a large-scale screening based on tens of thousands of small molecular compounds, and finally proved that it was possible to treat body cells with small molecules to obtain iPS cells without the transgenic means of Japanese scholars, which made the method of obtaining stem cells appear a minimalist style. This kind of research is also developing rapidly in recent years, so that when the media reported the relevant research later, it said that the stem cells can be obtained by 'dipping' the somatic cells in two solutions.
Whether stem cells can be obtained from dead blood cells in amber has not been tried so far, but some of the steps have been completed; With the deepening of the research on complex species such as rats, the possibility of iPS cells to living organisms has also been greatly improved. Although people know little about the biological characteristics of dinosaurs, they believe that biotechnology can play an increasingly important role in the protection of endangered species.