Midsummer has come, and many cases of heatstroke, such as sanitation workers and migrant workers, will always be heard or seen. After heatstroke, the whole body is nauseous, vomiting and very uncomfortable. How to prevent heatstroke in the hot summer?
Causes of heatstroke:
1. Environmental factors work in the high temperature and insolation environment; physical activities are carried out when the temperature is high, the humidity is high and the ventilation is poor.
2. The predisposing factors are old and infirm, pregnant women, infants, chronic disease patients, over fatigue, lack of sleep and so on.
Heat stroke can be divided into heat spasm, heat failure and heat radiation disease. The three types of heatstroke may occur successively or alternatively.
1. Heat spasm: after sweating, people are thirsty and drink too much water, and the salt is not enough, which can reduce the concentration of sodium and chlorine and cause muscle spasm.
2. Heat failure: loss of body fluid and sodium salt leads to insufficient effective circulating blood volume, which is manifested as vertigo, nausea, hypotension, etc.
3. Heat radiation disease: a fatal, acute and serious disease of heat stroke, characterized by high fever, no perspiration, disturbance of consciousness and multiple organ failure.
Treatment of heatstroke: get rid of the high temperature environment as soon as possible, loosen the clothes, rest in the low temperature and ventilated environment, and drink some cool drinks. Severe heatstroke or no improvement in 30 minutes should be treated immediately. Physical cooling can be done by bathing with ice water or alcohol, or putting the ice bag in the large blood vessel of the patient; body cooling can be done by washing the stomach and rectum with ice salt water, or hemodialysis with cold normal salt water. The patients with muscle spasm can be cooled by drugs, and the monitoring of blood pressure and respiration should be paid attention to.
The main factors influencing the prognosis are the degree of injury of nervous system, liver, kidney and muscle, and the concentration of blood lactate. The prognosis of patients with coma more than 6-8 hours or DIC is poor. After the body temperature returns to normal, the nerve function usually can also recover quickly, but some patients may leave a slight nerve function disorder.
So, how to prevent heatstroke in summer?
1. Avoid working in the environment with high temperature and poor ventilation;
2. Drink a small amount of water for many times, replenish water reasonably, and take salt drinks or heatstroke prevention drugs when going out;
3. The diet should be light and easy to digest, with less high fat food;
4. Try to avoid midday when going out, and prepare sun protection equipment, such as sun umbrella, sunglasses, etc;
5. Arrange work and rest reasonably to ensure sufficient sleep;
6. Strengthen the exercise, strengthen the individual physique;
7. Strengthen the study of heatstroke prevention related knowledge.