In order to occupy China, Japanese imperialism launched a long planned war of all-round aggression against China, which is also the starting point of all-round Anti Japanese War of the Chinese nation. Finally, through our unremitting efforts, we finally drove the Japanese invaders out of our land. This history is worth remembering by every Chinese.
On the night of July 7, 1937, when the Japanese army was exercising near Lugou Bridge in the southwest of Beiping, they asked to enter Wanping County for search under the pretext of a soldier 'missing', which was severely refused by the 29th army of the Chinese garrison. The Japanese then opened fire on the Chinese garrison and shelled the city of Wanping. The 29th army rose to the war of resistance. This is the July 7th incident, also known as the Lugouqiao Incident, which shocked China and foreign countries. The July 7th incident was the beginning of the Japanese imperialist war of aggression against China in an all-round way and also the starting point of the Chinese nation's all-round Anti Japanese war.
historical background
Lugouqiao Incident (5) on September 18, 1931, the Japanese army provoked the September 18 Incident, occupied Northeast China, and concocted the puppet Manchukuo. After occupying the northeast, the Japanese extended their magic claws to North China and plotted to instigate 'North China autonomy'. In June 1936, the emperor of Japan approved the new "empire defense policy" and "military use program", openly claiming to control the East Asian continent and the Western Pacific, and finally to dominate the world. On August 7, the five phase conference of Japan adopted the national policy benchmark, which specifically stipulated the strategic plan of invading China, invading the Soviet Union and waiting for the south. At the same time, according to the plan of invading China in 1936, the plan of invading China in 1937 was made. Since May 1936, Japan has successively increased its troops in North China, created incidents and conducted frequent military exercises. The situation in North China has become increasingly serious. At that time, the Chinese garrison guarding the Pingjin area was the 29th army, and song Zheyuan, the military commander, was also the chairman of the JICA administrative committee.
Causes of events
In order to occupy China, the Japanese imperialists launched a long planned war of all-round aggression against China. On the night of July 7, 1937, under the pretext of a soldier missing, the Japanese Army wanted to enter Wanping County, southwest of Beiping (Beijing) for search. The Chinese garrison rejected this unreasonable request. The Japanese opened fire on Lugou Bridge and attacked the Chinese garrison in the city. Jixingwen regiment of the 29th army of the Chinese garrison fought back. It opened the curtain of the whole nation's resistance against Japan. After the September 18th Incident in 1931, the Japanese invaders invaded the northeast of China, in order to further provoke the all-round war of aggression against China, they successively sent troops to the customs. By 1936, the Japanese had surrounded Peiping from the East, West and North. Since June 1937, the Japanese troops in Fengtai have held provocative military exercises. In 1937, the Japanese army in China launched the July 7th incident (also known as the Lugouqiao Incident). Japan began to invade China in an all-round way, and the Anti Japanese war broke out immediately.
political background
As early as the Meiji Restoration period, while establishing the modern Mikado system, Japan quickly embarked on the path of militarism, and formulated a 'mainland policy' with China and North Korea as the main targets of attack. In the early 20th century, Japan replaced Czarist Russia after the Russo Japanese War, expanded its colonial power in the northeast of China, garrisoned the Kanto army, set up the colonial institution "Nanman railway company", and took the northeast as the base of colonial expansion to China.
During the first World War of the Lugouqiao Incident, Japan expanded its attack on China, sent troops to Shandong, and coerced Yuan Shikai to accept the "Twenty-one items" that Japan swallowed China. After the first World War, Japan stepped up its plunder of China, North Korea and other Asian countries to get rid of the political and economic crisis. At the 'Oriental conference' in 1927, Japan carefully planned the Chinese issue. On September 18, 1931, Japan launched the "September 18 Incident" to attack Northeast China and occupied the whole territory of Northeast China in more than three months. The next year, the Japanese attacked Shanghai (the 18th Incident of the 1st middot; 2nd incident), occupied a large area of North China, intimidated Pingjin, established Manchukuo in the northeast, and carried out an autonomous movement in North China, hoping to occupy these areas for a long time. In 1936, after the "national policy benchmark" was released, Japan held a "generals' exercise" to explain to the generals participating in the exercise the War deployment of launching the war against China in an all-round way.
Since then, Japan has increased its troops in Northeast China, and sent its elite army, the Kanto army, to the area of Pingjin, where frequent military exercises have been held. On July 3, 1937, Hideki Tojo, chief of staff of the Kwantung Army, proposed to the Japanese government that China should be attacked immediately, and then the July 7 Incident was launched. On July 9, the belligerent forces of China and Japan reached an oral ceasefire agreement. But at the same time, Japan drew more than 20000 troops and more than 100 aircraft from Northeast China and North Korea into North China. On July 17, the headquarters of the Japanese army staff formulated the guidelines for the war against China in the exercise of forces in North China. The Japanese government decided to mobilize 400000 troops, hoping to destroy China by force.
Geographical background
Lugou bridge is located on the Yongding River, about 15 kilometers southwest of Beiping city. It is not only the key point of the south, but also the throat of Beijing. It has been an important transportation hub and cargo distribution center since ancient times. According to historical records, since the Jin Dynasty, the hinterland of the Central Plains had to stay at Lugouqiao, which was the only way for the capital to enter and leave the hinterland of the Central Plains. Once the Japanese invaders occupied Lugou Bridge, Beijing was a dead city, and North China was easy to get. Built in 1640, Wanping is a military fortress to defend Beijing. Thus, the Japanese attacked the garrison, and the Kuomintang troops resisted in Lugouqiao, which opened the prelude to the Anti Japanese war.