One, change Basin
When changing the basin, first buckle out the plant from the basin, shake up the soil at the root, and cut off the old root, rotten root and semi withered root. Pay attention not to cut off the main root, which is the so-called 'radish root'. The healthy root is only 3-4cm long. Put the cut plant in a cool and ventilated place to air for 5-6 days, and then replant it, so that the root can grow fast and well. If there is a young plant beside the old plant, it can be broken off, the root system can be properly pruned, and then another plant will become a new plant.
II. Preparation, disinfection and planting of culture soil
For terrestrial type, 5 parts of loam, 3 parts of peat soil or rotten leaf soil, 2 parts of coarse sand, and a little of slaked lime or old wall dust can be added to prepare calcareous sand or sandy loam with good drainage and air permeability. In addition, a little bone meal was added to make a neutral or slightly acidic fertile culture soil with more humus and good water retention. After the culture soil is prepared, spray 400-500ml of 40% formaldehyde 50 times solution per cubic meter, sprinkle it on the culture soil for the first 10-20 days, mix it evenly, cover it with plastic film, open the film one week before planting, and plant it after the smell of the medicine is gone. When the new plant is planted, a layer of gauze net shall be padded on the drainage hole at the bottom of the flowerpot to prevent insects, and then the gauze net shall be covered with tiles and other things to facilitate drainage. The basin soil is added 2-3cm away from the basin mouth to facilitate later watering. As the soil is wet, it is not necessary to water it immediately after planting. It can be watered once after 7-10 days. The planted plant should be maintained in a place with bright light and no direct sunlight. After about 10 days, new roots will germinate, and then water once again to restore normal management.
III. water and spray
There are obvious growth period and dormancy period in the terrestrial cacti, which need to be watered in the growth period, and less or even no water in the dormancy period. For epiphyte type, the temperature is kept above 12 ℃ in winter, which can be watered and watered all year round. If the temperature is kept below 12 ℃ in winter, watering can be reduced and water spraying can be stopped as appropriate. When watering, master the following principle: 'dry and thoroughly, do not dry and do not pour'. The water temperature should be as close to the soil temperature as possible. In summer, water early (before sunrise) and late (after sunset), and in winter, water from 10 to 11 a.m. And water directly into the basin soil, otherwise it will affect the beauty of the thorn. In addition, it is necessary to spray water on the ground in summer to increase air humidity.
Four. Fertilization
The principle of fertilizer application is: timely, appropriate and target oriented. Fertilization shall be carried out in spring and autumn, once every 20 days, in the early morning or evening of sunny day. If the basin soil is dry, sprinkle some water on the basin soil and then apply fertilizer, the concentration is 0.05% - 0.2%. The next morning, water once to pervade, the effect is better. Land type fertilization requires rich potassium, phosphorus, less nitrogen fertilizer, while epiphytic type requires more nitrogen fertilizer.
Five. Illumination
The terrestrial type prefers sufficient sunshine, especially in winter. Generally, cacti with large column and flat shape are more resistant to strong light, and can be placed outdoors in summer without shading. In summer, the smaller globular species prefer semi overcast conditions. In June to August of the high temperature season in summer, a round plastic film is covered on the top and around the growing point of golden succins, so as to make all parts of the sphere grow evenly. Epiphytic cacti require half shade all year round.
Six, temperature
The suitable temperature for cactus growth is 20-35 ℃. The terrestrial type does not require too high temperature during winter dormancy. Under the condition of keeping basin soil dry, the temperature can be maintained at 4-7 ℃. For epiphyte type, higher temperature is required in winter, and it is better to maintain 10-13 ℃ or higher. When the temperature reaches 30-35 ℃ in summer, the growth speed of most cacti slows down. Sometimes some kinds of stems will turn yellow or be burned. At this time, we must shade the sun and sprinkle more water on the ground to reduce the temperature.
Seven, air
Cactus flowers are mostly originated in desert and open areas, with good ventilation and fresh air. Therefore, in the hot summer weather, we should do a good job in the ventilation and cooling of the cultivation site. Cultivation greenhouse should choose in the air circulation environment, and more windows, skylights and other vents, so as to ventilate in hot weather. If necessary, it can also install exhaust fan, blower or electric fan to enhance the air circulation effect of the environment, so as to promote the safety of cactus flowers in summer.
VIII. Diseases and insect pests
There are bacteria and fungi that damage cactus flowers, but the problem is not very serious. As long as the cultivation conditions are improved, the management measures are appropriate, and the prevention and elimination of diseases and pests are applied simultaneously, it is easy to get good results.
Cactus effect:
1. Cactus (ball) can resist radiation
Cacti and succulent plants have a different name - "lazy plant". This kind of plant cultivation does not need too much care and care. The hydroponic cactus is easier to maintain. Because cactus (ball) grows in a place with strong sunshine, it has a strong anti ultraviolet radiation ability. The water culture cactus is clean and environment-friendly without peculiar smell.
2. Cactus known as "oxygen bar" at night
Most plants carry out photosynthesis during the day, absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen; at night, they carry out respiration, absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. On the contrary, some plants, such as cacti, release carbon dioxide during the day, absorb carbon dioxide at night, and release oxygen. In this way, cacti can be put in the room at night to supplement oxygen and facilitate sleep.
3. Master of dust absorption
Cactus is also a master of dust absorption. Placing a cactus in the room, especially the hydroponic cactus (cleaner and more environmentally friendly), can play a role in purifying the environment, and also has a good inhibitory effect on the bacteria in the air.