What is hepatitis A in the United States? How to prevent it
4hw.org: I believe many people know about hepatitis B, but have you heard about hepatitis A? Recently, a large-scale human-to-human hepatitis A epidemic broke out in the United States, causing widespread vigilance, so what kind of disease is hepatitis A and how to prevent it? Let's take a look!
What is hepatitis A
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a kind of viral hepatitis caused by hav. It is mainly transmitted through the fecal oral route, that is, it is transmitted by the patient's feces in the incubation or acute period and the HAV in the blood, which pollutes the water, food, utensils and life closely contacting the gastrointestinal tract through the mouth. Hepatitis A virus has strong resistance to all kinds of external factors and can survive in the external environment for a long time. It can be transmitted through various pollutants (hands, daily necessities, clothing, sheets, etc.) and water and food. It can also be carried by flies and spread. Hepatitis A is an acute infectious disease with self limited disease process. Except for a few particularly serious fulminant diseases, the prognosis of all other cases is good Good. The natural course of disease is not more than 3-6 weeks. It is only necessary to give proper rest, nutrition and symptomatic support therapy according to the condition of the disease to prevent secondary infection and other damages, so as to quickly recover health (1) patients with mild and moderate hepatitis A in hospital may stay at home for recuperation if their families have appropriate recuperation conditions and go to the outpatient clinic for reexamination regularly. If the serum bilirubin is more than 180 & mu; mol / L, the serum ALT & gt; 33400nmol / (S & middot; L) or prothrombin time is prolonged, or the family convalescent condition is not available, the patient should be hospitalized. After being hospitalized, the severe patients can go home for further recuperation after the treatment and the symptoms basically disappear (2) rest should be prescribed when the symptoms of hepatitis are obvious. During the recovery period, activities should be gradually increased as appropriate, but overwork should be avoided. During the period of recumbent and rest, we should pay special attention to recumbent and rest after each meal, and strictly prohibit walking after meals. After the inpatients leave hospital, they should still go through full rest, half rest and light work. Such a gradual transition stage can be adjusted appropriately according to the patients' physical conditions. Such a transition phase is important to consolidate efficacy and prevent recurrence (3) diet should be properly controlled according to appetite, disease condition, disease period and appropriate nutrition (4) hepatitis A can be completely recovered. After treatment, there was no sequelae, no virus in the body and immunity to hepatitis A virus for life.
Recently, the largest human-to-human hepatitis A epidemic has occurred in the United States in 22 years. The Chinese Consulate General in Los Angeles has issued a consular reminder to Chinese citizens in the area. In response, the Beijing CDC said today that the reported incidence of hepatitis A in Beijing has remained below 1 / 100000 since 2009, and dropped to 0.65/100000 by 2016. It has been in a low prevalence area of hepatitis A, and the risk of large-scale outbreak caused by the introduction of hepatitis A into Beijing is small. Beijing CDC warned that if suffering from hepatitis A, there will be nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, anorexia, pain in the liver area, yellow urine and abdominal distention. If you come back from the hepatitis A epidemic area, please see a doctor in time if you find the above symptoms. And tell the doctor about his travel history.
It is very important for the early report of hepatitis A patients to control the epidemic situation.
Beijing CDC reminds you to pay attention to:
1. Ensure food safety, strengthen drinking water disinfection, do not eat unclean food, do not drink raw water. Food should be heated at high temperature. In general, heating at 100 ℃ for one minute will make hav inactive. It is forbidden to eat raw, half eaten or pickled food directly, such as snails, shells and crabs, especially sea and aquatic products such as clams, which can enrich hepatitis A virus.
2. Develop good hygiene habits, prevent diseases from entering from the mouth, and wash hands with soap and clean water before and after meals.
3. Injection of hepatitis A vaccine is an effective means to prevent hepatitis A, which can improve the immunity of people and prevent the occurrence and outbreak of hepatitis A. It is recommended that all children be vaccinated against hepatitis A, and adults should be vaccinated two weeks in advance if they need to enter high-risk areas or contact high-risk groups.