Eight reasons why not dig the tomb of the first emperor of Qin
4hw.org: the long underground palace is thousands of feet deep, lying quietly for more than 2000 years. At present, the terra cotta warriors dug up are only the tip of the iceberg of the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. Before Ying Zheng became the emperor, the underground palace began to be built on a large scale. The height of the specification is unimaginable. According to the data, the layout of the imperial mausoleum in the dormitory is the miniature map of the Empire of Qin at that time. The Yellow River and the Yangtze River are also injected into the tomb Mercury, to protect the tomb of the emperor, then why didn't the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin dig all the time? Now let's explore!
The underground palace of the first emperor of Qin is a secret of China for thousands of years. It is a mysterious and magnificent cemetery, which condenses the wisdom of China for thousands of years. The burial chamber is about a football field. The underground palace is the place where coffins and funerary objects are placed, which is the core of the construction of the mausoleum of Qin. There are different opinions about the location of the underground palace of the Qin mausoleum. There is a section about the depth of the underground palace of the first emperor's mausoleum in the historical material old instrument of the Han Dynasty: in 210 BC, Prime Minister Li Si reported to the first emperor that he had taken 720000 people to build Lishan mausoleum, which had been dug very deep, as if to the bottom of the earth. After hearing this, the first emperor of Qin ordered "another three hundred Zhangs or more". "Three hundred feet by the side" makes the location of the underground palace of the Qin mausoleum even more confusing. It is said that the underground palace of the Qin mausoleum is in Lishan Mountain. There is also an underground passage between Lishan Mountain and Qinling mausoleum. When it rains in cloudy days, there are 'Yin soldiers' in the underground passage. People are cheering and shouting, which is very lively. It is reported that archaeologists have made many investigations according to the legend, but they have not been able to find the underground passage in the legend.
Can we build a shed with a span of more than 500 meters?
Let's see the first premise that can't be dug, that is, how large is the enclosure of the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin, that is, what is the scale of the tomb that the people say? In the book of Han Dynasty and the biography of the king of Chu and Yuan Dynasty and the biography of Liu Xiang, it says: 'it's fifty Zhang tall, and it's more than five li back in the week. In Qin Dynasty, one foot is about 23 cm, and fifty feet is about 115 meters. In Qin Dynasty, the first mile was 414 meters, and the fifth Rio was 2070 meters. This is probably the original scale of the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin. However, after more than two thousand natural erosion and human exploitation, the existing seal soil is smaller than the original seal soil. In the past few years, in order to understand the actual size of the original seal soil accumulation, the Qin terracotta archaeological team drilled. It is found that the original sealing foundation is approximately square. The perimeter is similar to the data of "more than five li of Zhouhui" in Hanshu, which is 2000 meters, 515 meters long from north to South and 485 meters wide from east to west. In this way, we should first build a protective shed with a span of no less than 500 meters before excavation. If we can't build a shed with a span of 500 meters, it's impossible to excavate Qinling mausoleum.
As we all know, the structure of Qinling mausoleum is composed of the underground palace below the earth's surface and the graves above the earth's surface. The first thing people pay most attention to is the underground palace with buried treasures. To dig out the underground palace, you have to dig out the graves on the ground first. If a grave is dug, it cannot be blasted with explosives, pushed by bulldozers or dug by excavators. That is to say, we can't dig fast, we can only dig slowly, otherwise, whose cultural relics will be damaged? A little digging will take a long time, it will go through spring, summer, autumn and winter, it will need to avoid the wind and rain, it will be like digging terracotta warriors pit, first build a shed, which is not only beneficial to excavation, but also can protect the excavated objects. Otherwise, even if people can work in the open air, what about the underground palace that can be dug out? Is it supposed to be buried by a lot of snow in winter? In summer, it is poured into water bubbles by heavy rain?
Is it OK to build a small shed? Can we set up a few column supports on the sealing soil to reduce the cross-over problems that cannot be solved technically? The answer is No. How to remove all the sealed soil when the pillars are erected on the grave? Even if the pillars can be erected after ten thousand steps back, there will be big pillars everywhere after the underground palace is excavated. How to ensure the complete plane of the underground palace? Besides, is the soil condition under the existing grave in line with the conditions for the pillars? Therefore, it is necessary to build a shed with a span of more than 500 meters. Is there a 500 meter house in the world? I don't know. However, there are not a few bridges with a single span of more than 500 meters, such as Shanghai Lupu Bridge with a length of 550 meters, Chongqing Chaotianmen Bridge with a length of 552 meters, etc. All of these show that modern technology has the ability to build long-span girder. The question is, if we can really build such a shed, even if we achieve the goal of building the whole tomb into the shed, will we dig up or not?
II. The ground landscape of the mausoleum will disappear if the grave is dug
If the tombs above the ground are dug, the most direct problem is that the ground landscape of the mausoleum will disappear. There is no cemetery in the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin. How can you feel the magnificent panorama of the mausoleum? How can you feel the difficulty and greatness of building such a project? If you don't dig out the grave and use the shed to 'wrap' the mausoleum, how can the new shed coordinate with the landscape of the mausoleum and the surrounding mountains? Some people say that since it is difficult to build the shed on the sealed soil, you can find the tomb on the mausoleum Door, dig a hole down, and then dig it to the underground palace. Where is the underground palace? How deep is it? Two years ago, archaeological exploration found that the large-scale underground palace is located under the top platform of the cemetery, about 35 meters deep from the ground, and the underground palace is about the size of a quasi football field.
Let's not say whether this exploration is the actual situation of the underground palace of the Qin mausoleum. Even if it is, is the location of the underground palace located where it has been detected? What if it is misplaced? There is an introduction about the depth of the underground palace of the first emperor of Qin in the historical material "the old instrument of Han Dynasty", to the effect that in 210 BC, Prime Minister Li Si reported to the first emperor of Qin, saying that it took 720000 people to build Lishan Mountain The mausoleum has been dug deep, as if it had reached the bottom of the earth. After hearing this, the first emperor of Qin ordered "another three hundred Zhangs or more". Regardless of the accuracy of the "three hundred meters by the side" historical data or the scale of conversion, can our psychological preparation bear the fact that the results of excavation are not the same as those of detection? Because the location of the underground palace is not less complicated than that of the first emperor of Qin in our mind.
3. How deep is the underground palace?
If the underground palace is 35 meters deep from the current surface, it is equivalent to a 15 story high-rise building. Such a vertical wall, if it is a solid combination of stone or even earth and stone, if it is just a plate wall and earth wall like the terracotta warriors pit, will it lead to collapse? If it is reinforced, it does not change the original form of the vertical wall itself, and become a modern artifact? In addition, the Terracotta Warriors The pit is about 3 to 5 meters away from the ground surface. It can be seen clearly without going down. But the underground palace is more than ten times deep. If a fence is not allowed to go down on it, can tourists not see it with a telescope? If the passageway is built, the stairs, rolling ladders and elevators will be built vertically and horizontally, which will damage the internal structure landscape of the underground palace?
IV. how long will it take to dig the Qinling mausoleum?
If we use the most mechanical algorithm, which can almost be said to be a joke, to calculate neither the cost of time, nor the actual burial situation, nor the investment of human, material and financial resources, but only the excavation area, we can see the following conversion process and results:
Conversion 1: qinjinggong No. 1 tomb in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province is the largest pre Qin tomb excavated in China, with a total area of 5334 square meters and a depth of 24 meters. Qin mausoleum covers an area of 250000 square meters, about 50 times larger than it. Qin Gong's tomb was discovered in 1976 and cleaned up in 1986, which lasted for 10 years. Then, will the Qin mausoleum be excavated for 400-500 years? Conversion 2: the total area of the terracotta pits is about 20780 square meters, the area of the Qin mausoleum is about 13 times weaker than the total area of the terracotta pits, and the depth is 6-7 times. After 30 years of excavation, the total excavation area of the terra cotta warriors pit accounts for about 1 / 5 of the total area of the site, which is about 21000 square meters, with a total area of more than 4500 square meters. According to the actual excavation method of terra cotta pits, the area of the Qin mausoleum is 50 times the total area of the pit. How many years will it take to dig?
Another algorithm is ridiculous, but it may be a little reliable. Regardless of the cubic area and depth of the tomb, only the area of the underground palace of the Qin Mausoleum: 170 meters from the north to the South & times; 145 meters from the north to the South & asymp; 25000 square meters, that is more than four times the area of the large tomb of Lord Qin, which will take 40 years to dig; more than five times the actual excavation area of the terracotta warriors pit, which will take 150 years to dig. Two years ago, Zhang Wuchang, an economist, said that once the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin was excavated, billions of economic benefits would be achieved immediately. He may have only calculated the economic accounts, but he didn't expect to dig for so many years at all?!
Don't look at these boring data. If the conditions are really mature in the future, if our future generations really want to open the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin, these data are absolutely valuable for reference. Although there are many statements about these data, there is no authoritative and credible statistical conclusion at present, but it is very clear to convey the message that there is still a lot of work to be done in the archaeological excavation of the Qin terracotta warriors and horses pit, and a large number of relics and remains are still buried underground, which will also bring us countless judgments, guesses, disputes and inferences. Moreover, the scale and volume of the terracotta pits are far from enough to compare with the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty.
After 30 years, only one third of the terracotta pits have been excavated. Qinshihuang Mausoleum covers an area of 56.25 square kilometers, and only one tenth of the total area has been drilled in detail. The central part of the cemetery covers an area of about 2 square kilometers, and only one-third of the central area is clearly buried. There are more than 500 various burial pits and tombs found in the cemetery, as well as millions of square meters of palace building sites, which have not been officially excavated. Since its establishment, the team has experienced two generations. Most of the old archaeologists have retired and some of them are no longer alive. To this end, Yuan Zhongyi, the first leader of the retired archaeological team, said: 'the archaeological work of the terracotta warriors and the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin still has a long way to go, and the archaeological task is very arduous, which requires generations of people and hundreds of years of unremitting efforts. 'he's reliable, he's telling the truth.
V. poor protection technology
This is the reason why many officials and experts talk about the most but also the most deceptive. It has been a common saying for more than 12 to 30 years, and has become the eight part bullet proof suit. As soon as someone proposes to dig the mausoleum of the emperor, he will take out several difficult words to resist for a while, such as the protection technology is not strong, the silk fabric may be rigid, and the utensils will change color. In my opinion, it seems professional and scientific, but in fact, it has no new idea or deep meaning. What's more, it's misleading. Its subtext is that once the protection conditions are mature and the technical problems are solved, everything will be ready. We just need to get rid of our arms and dig hard.
In fact, it's not so easy to dig such a large Mausoleum as the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty? If the cultural relics in the underground palace are not stolen or damaged, they must be extremely rich. However, the protection of color paintings, silk paintings, murals, lacquerware, bamboo slips, pottery and wood will become a headache, and the maintenance of the underground palace itself will soon become a huge bottomless problem. In 2006, the China Heritage Daily reported that even if it was not organic materials such as silk fabrics, or inorganic materials such as terracotta warriors, which had been exposed for a long time, dozens of pathogens had been produced