The model of the Forbidden City will not collapse after a magnitude 10 earthquake. The wisdom of the ancient ancestors stunned foreigners. The wisdom of Chinese civilization is far beyond imagination. Why can the model of the Forbidden City survive a magnitude 10 earthquake? What's the special in the structure? Let's take a look at it with the small compilation of the four seas network!
Caress the mottled and thick gate of the Forbidden City, and push it open slowly. It is the endless historical legends and the endless prosperity of the world. There are too many secrets in the Forbidden City.
Its secret not only makes the people of our country daydream, but also makes foreigners daydream and flock to it.
Recently, a group of British carpenters made a model similar to the structure of the Forbidden City in the proportion of 1:5. In order to find out the secret behind the 600 year old palace museum, and made a documentary.
The most interesting part of the documentary is the experiment made by the experts of the Forbidden City and Richard, a foreign carpenter. They tried to recreate a miniature model of the Forbidden City in a scale of 1:5.
They found that tenon mortise and dovetail structures were widely used in the imperial palace. Because it's too complicated, foreign carpenters spend a lot of time building models. Then they did a seismic simulation test.
The first attempt is to measure 4.5 (the magnitude here should be the earthquake intensity, not the magnitude), which lasts for 30 seconds. It can be seen that the whole model only slightly shakes, and the whole bucket arch structure well alleviates the damage of the vibration to the building in the mutual involvement.
Then the progression began to rise. When it reached 7.5, the obvious shock made the foreign craftsman say: 'let's step back. Later, the walls on the left and right began to collapse, but the model buildings of the Forbidden City still stood upright. But it's a response to the old saying that "walls don't collapse, houses don't collapse".
When the experimental strength reaches 9.5, the shaking of the building is very severe. According to records, this is the highest earthquake intensity in history. The straight white point analogy is equivalent to the strength of 2 million tons of TNT explosive. At last, when the strength reaches 10.1, the model of the Forbidden City still stands firm in the huge swing.
The staff looked closely and found that the whole model only moved a little under such strong vibration intensity. From the original position of the red line to the position after displacement, it is only a few centimeters.
In the face of the magic anti-seismic ability, foreign experts have praised 'the designer of traditional Chinese architecture is really a genius!' and the secret behind the ability to make the Forbidden City stand still is that in fact, it is difficult to damage the arches of foreign carpenters at the beginning of the match.
'it's really amazing! No nails, no adhesives. 'the bucket arch is made of a crisscross of arched and square wooden blocks, which can be firmly assembled without any reinforcement.
In addition to its role of supporting the roof, because the bucket arch is made of different wood blocks, each floor has flexible and loose space, which can play a role of deformation and energy dissipation, thus greatly reducing the damage of the building. And this small bucket arch, in the earthquake, played a similar role as a car shock absorber.
The bucket arch is not only very strong, able to bear a lot of gravity, and even support a huge roof, but also very flexible due to the characteristics of its structure.
Richard found that: the bucket arch structure of the Forbidden City is equivalent to the shock absorber in the car. The wood block is firmly combined, and each layer has loose space. The friction and rotation of parts effectively offset the impact force generated by the earthquake.
In addition to the clever arch, they found another secret of the Forbidden City. It's the ordinary looking pillar. The pillars of the Forbidden City are different from those embedded in the foundation of other general buildings. Strong vibration will easily break such columns.
As for the pillars of the Forbidden City, we can see a pillar base, which is also known as the stone pier. Because the column is not buried in the soil, there is a certain buffer swing space during the vibration, which also reduces the possibility of the whole building collapse caused by its fracture.
Surprisingly, Richard summed up the secret of the Forbidden City's earthquake resistance in one word: flexibility. He sighed: it is this "soft in the middle with hard" feature that makes the Forbidden City a miracle that still stands for 600 years after its completion, which also proves the genius of traditional Chinese architecture!
In addition, according to the experts of the earthquake Institute, the interior decoration of the Forbidden City, such as the palace lamp hanging with a long iron hook, also has a shockproof effect.
The hook is connected to the iron ring on the roof, and then to the palace lamp. When the roof shakes, the iron hook will shake in the opposite direction due to the reaction force, and the palace lamp will shake in the opposite direction. Thus, the shaking forces on the left and right cancel each other, and there will be no big shaking.
In the early morning of July 28, 1976, a short period of 23 seconds of landslides leveled Tangshan, Hebei Province. Beijing, more than 150 kilometers from the epicenter, was also terrified and shaken. Only the Forbidden City, after a short period of fluctuation, was unharmed and peaceful again.
More than 600 years after its completion, the Forbidden City has experienced more than 200 devastating earthquakes, but every time it is able to retreat and stand in the wind and rain.
Revealing the wisdom of the ancients in building the Forbidden City
At the beginning of the documentary, when the Forbidden City Gate was opened, everyone was admiring. As the largest wooden building complex in the world, it is one of the greatest miracles.
In Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Di, the founder of Ming Dynasty, moved the capital of Nanjing to Beijing. However, building a palace requires a lot of materials. In order to collect the building materials from all over the world in the capital, tens of thousands of people pay their lives.
The Forbidden City, as the most impressive palace and the greatest miracle in China, is the largest wooden building complex on the earth. The quantity and variety of materials required are also numerous.
In order to supply this huge construction site, a large number of special materials are transported here from all over the country: more than 100000 nanmu come from the southwest 1800 km away; the 'gold bricks' for flooring come from the South 1000 km away; 80 million stone slabs, each weighing up to 24 kg; gold foil comes from Nanjing.
How are all these materials transported? The wood from the deep mountains of Sichuan Province alone is enough to make people puzzled. The wise Chinese even thought of using the power of water to help these giants' sneak across'.
After the timber was cut down in Sichuan, it went south along the Jinsha River and the Yangtze River, and then went north to Beijing through the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal. Along the way, there are more than 20000 ships escorted by the army, carrying 420 million liters of grain every year, which are supplied to the migrant workers at the construction site of the Forbidden City.