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The most comprehensive first aid manual of earthquake in history

As a kind of natural disaster, earthquake is very difficult to predict. Although every country has a special agency to detect and predict earthquakes, it is not very accurate. Once there is no accurate prediction, it will cause property and personnel damage that is difficult to estimate. So mastering scientific escape and self rescue skills will make us not helpless in the face of disaster!

1. Do a good job in earthquake prediction There are omens before the earthquake. Now we know that the omens are: the underground water becomes muddy, turning flowers, bubbling, changing taste; chickens, ducks, pigs and sheep running around and barking; rats fleeing, fish jumping on the water. This indicates that the earth's crust will bend, fold and break, and there will be an earthquake. At present, it is difficult for any country in the world to predict earthquakes accurately. China's earthquake prediction can be said to be in the leading position in the world. Most earthquake prediction can point out that an earthquake may occur in a certain area in a certain period of time. In 1976, before the Tangshan earthquake, Haicheng area of Liaoning Province had an earthquake of magnitude 6 or above. Before the earthquake, the government urged many times to place all the people in the room in the earthquake shelters, and repeatedly preached the knowledge of the earthquake, resulting in the minimum number of casualties. Therefore, the key to earthquake prevention lies in the timely prediction, adequate preparation and mastering the rescue knowledge during the earthquake.

2. Formulate family earthquake prevention plan In case of an earthquake, our power supply, water supply, heating system, transportation system, necessities supply system, information system and medical and health system may be damaged to some extent, which will affect the normal life of the people. Therefore, we should make a family earthquake prevention plan First of all, the suspended objects at the height of the room, the objects placed vertically on the cabinet and the wooden frame shall be removed, and the placement position and method shall be changed to make it not easy to shock and hurt people. At the same time, all inflammables and explosives shall be removed. The bed should be moved away from the glass window. Stick a shatterproof tape on the window. The shockproof bag shall be placed in a place easy to grasp. In order to get out of danger, you may only have time to grab one item. Urgent items are all in it. It will help you get through the difficulty. These include cash, drinking water, anti flu and dysentery medicines.

3. Schools should make preparations before the earthquake In middle and primary schools, earthquake prevention knowledge should be popularized. Schools in earthquake areas should have earthquake prevention training programs. If there is an earthquake in class, teachers should immediately give students a simple and clear instruction, so that students can close their eyes and fall under the desks. When an earthquake may occur in a certain period of time in an area. Families and schools should communicate frequently. Schools with conditions in the earthquake area shall prepare disaster relief articles, such as first-aid medical supplies, cold and rain proof supplies, tools, etc., and distribute them according to classes or classrooms until they reach the hands of individuals.

How to protect yourself in case of an earthquake?

In case of an earthquake, if it is outside, do not close to buildings, chimneys, electric poles and other tall buildings or trees that may collapse. It is safer to leave bridges, overpasses and open fields. Although the earthquake is a natural disaster that causes casualties, it is not inevitable. If we can seize the opportunity and use the knowledge of earthquake prevention, we can protect ourselves. For example, before the earthquake, we can observe the unusual restlessness of birds and animals; when the earthquake occurs, squatting under the table can reduce the damage caused by the earthquake. It can be seen that learning earthquake knowledge is very important.

Strong earthquakes often lead to the collapse of houses, the breach of levees, and the collapse of the earth, which will bring losses to people's lives and property. In order to protect ourselves in the event of an earthquake, we should master the following emergency survival methods.

1. If an earthquake happens suddenly in a bungalow, you should quickly get under the bed and table, cover your head with bedding, pillows, washbasins and other things, and leave the house as soon as possible and move to a safe place during the earthquake interval. If the house collapses during the earthquake, you should stay under the bed or table and never move. You should wait until the earthquake stops to escape from the outdoor or wait for rescue.

2. If you live in a building and there is an earthquake, don't try to run out of the building because it's too late. The safest and most effective way is to hide in time in the smallest room between the two bearing walls, such as toilet, kitchen, etc. You can also hide under the table, cabinet and other furniture as well as the corner inside the room, and pay attention to protect your head. Never go to the balcony or under the window to avoid.

3. If there is an earthquake in class, don't panic, let alone run around in the classroom or rush out. Students close to the door can quickly run to the door, students in the middle and back can hide under the desk as soon as possible, and cover their heads with books; students close to the wall should close to the wall root, and protect their heads with both hands 4. If you have left the room, do not go back to the room to pick up things as soon as the earthquake stops. Because after the first earthquake, there will be aftershocks, which will be more dangerous to people.

If there is an earthquake in a public place, don't panic and run around. You can hide in the nearest safe place, such as under the table, under the stage and in the orchestra pit.

6. If you are on the street, you must not run into the building to avoid danger. Do not stay in dangerous places such as high-rise buildings, billboards, narrow alleys and bridges 7. If buried in the building after the earthquake, try to remove the objects above the abdomen; cover your mouth and nose with towels and clothes to prevent smoke and dust suffocation; pay attention to physical strength, try to find food and water, create living conditions and wait for rescue.

Don't rush in case of a big earthquake. The average time of destructive earthquake is only 12 seconds from people's feeling of vibration to the destruction of buildings. In this short period of time, you should make a quick decision to ensure safety according to your environment. If you live in a bungalow, you can run to the door quickly. If you live in a building, don't jump. Cut off the power switch immediately, turn off the gas, and avoid to a place with a small span such as the washroom, or under a table or bed. Evacuate quickly after the earthquake to prevent strong aftershocks.

2. If there are many people, find a hiding place first. Schools, shops, theaters and other places where people gather should avoid panic in case of an earthquake. They should immediately hide under desks, chairs or solid objects, and evacuate orderly after the earthquake.

3. Keep away from dangerous areas. If you encounter an earthquake in the street, you should protect your head with your hands, and quickly move away from the building to the center of the street. In case of an earthquake in the countryside, please keep away from cliffs, steep slopes, river banks and high-voltage lines. The running cars and trains should stop at once.

4. Keep physical strength when buried. If you are unfortunately buried in ruins after the earthquake, try to keep calm and try to save yourself. When you can't get out of danger, you should keep your physical strength, try your best to find water and food, create living conditions and wait patiently for rescue.

5. Keep your mobile phone and enough batteries by your side The principle of emergency protection in case of an earthquake is to avoid nearby when the earthquake occurs, and to evacuate to a safe place quickly after the earthquake is a better method of emergency protection. To avoid nearby is to make different countermeasures according to different situations.

In schools, the most important thing is the calm and decisiveness of school leaders and teachers. In areas with medium and long-term earthquake prediction, the students should be told about the knowledge of earthquake prevention and shock absorption in combination with teaching activities. Before the earthquake, we should arrange the routes and sites for the students to move and evacuate; after the earthquake, we should calmly command the students to evacuate in an orderly manner. In a relatively solid and safe house, students who can avoid under the desks, beside the podium and in the teaching building can go to a small room supported by pipes, and never let students run or jump.

How to avoid earthquake when walking on the street?

In the event of an earthquake, the glass fragments of high-rise buildings and the concrete fragments outside the building, as well as the billboards, the horse mouth iron plate, neon red light frame, etc. may fall down and hurt people. Therefore, when walking in the street, it's better to put the leather bags or soft articles on the head, or use your hands to protect your head when there are no articles. Make self-defense preparations as much as possible. Be calm and leave the electricity quickly Pole and fence, run to the open area to avoid How to avoid shock for workshop workers? Workshop workers can hide under cars, machine tools and high and large equipment, and can't run in panic. Workers in special posts should first close flammable, explosive and toxic gas valves, timely reduce the temperature and pressure of high-temperature and high-pressure pipes, and close the operating equipment. Most of the personnel can leave the work site. On the premise of safety protection, a small number of personnel stay at the site to monitor the dangerous situation at any time, deal with the possible accidents in time, and prevent the occurrence of secondary disasters.

How to deal with the emergency of the vehicles when the earthquake happened?

(1) the driver shall slow down as soon as possible and brake the brake gradually; (2) the passenger (especially on the train) shall firmly hold the handle, column or seat by hand, and pay attention to prevent the luggage from falling off the frame and hurting people. The person facing the driving direction shall lean his arm on the cushion of the front seat, protect his face, incline his body to the channel, and protect his head with both hands; the person with the back facing the driving direction shall protect his back brain with both hands and lift it The knee protects the abdomen, tightens the body, completes the defensive posture.

How to deal with the earthquake?

Once an earthquake occurs, first of all, we should keep a clear and calm mind, judge the vibration condition in time, and never jump from the building in panic, which is extremely important. Secondly, you can avoid under the solid furniture, or at the corner, or transfer to the kitchen and toilet with more load-bearing walls and small rooms for a while. Because of the strong binding force in these places, especially after the pipeline treatment, it has better supporting force and larger seismic coefficient. In a word, according to the layout of buildings and indoor conditions, we can evaluate the situation, find safe space and passage to avoid, and reduce casualties How to deal with an earthquake in a store? When an earthquake strikes a department store, keep calm.

Due to the panic of personnel and the falling of commodities, the refuge passage may be blocked. At this time, you should hide near the big pillars and commodities (avoid the commodity display cabinet), or toward the unobstructed passage, then crouch down and wait for the earthquake to subside. In principle, it's better to move to the bottom. However, stairs are often the weak part of buildings, so it is necessary to see the right time to get out of danger. The waiters should organize the masses to avoid nearby and evacuate safely after the earthquake.

Self rescue after earthquake

When an earthquake happens, if you are buried under the ruins and surrounded by darkness, there is only a small space. You must not panic, be calm, build up the confidence of survival, believe that someone will come to save you, and do everything to protect yourself.

After an earthquake, there are often many aftershocks, and the situation may continue to deteriorate. In order to avoid new damage, we should try to improve our environment. At this time, if the emergency package is nearby, it will play a great role in your escape In this extremely unfavorable environment, first of all, it is necessary to protect the smooth breathing, remove the sundries on the head and chest, cover the mouth and nose with wet clothes when smelling the gas and toxic gas, avoid the weak collapse above the body and other objects prone to fall, expand and stabilize the living space, support the debris walls with bricks and clubs, so as to prevent the environment from further worsening after the aftershock Change.

Try to get out of danger. If you can't find a way out of the danger, try to keep your physical strength, hit the object that can make a sound with a stone, and send out a call for help,