4hw.com.cn: the temperature is very hot in summer. It's very easy to have 'heatstroke' in the case of sultry heat. The light one is just sick, and the heavy one can die. So, why does heatstroke kill people? Let's take a look at it with the small editor~
Why does heatstroke kill people
Heatstroke is caused by the high temperature of the body dysfunction, so that the central function of the human body dysfunction, and ultimately lead to organ failure and death.
Heatstroke must not be taken lightly. According to the severity of symptoms, heatstroke can be divided into mild heatstroke and severe heatstroke. Mild heatstroke can be manifested as dizziness, headache, flushed face, thirst, massive sweating, general weakness, palpitation, rapid pulse, inattention, uncoordinated movement, etc. Severe heatstroke includes heat spasm, heat failure and heat radiation disease. Severe heatstroke can manifest as a mixture of these three types, which may lead to death.
Heat spasm and heat exhaustion are characterized by sweating, muscle spasms, dizziness, vomiting, fatigue, low body temperature or slight elevation. After rest, cool and ventilated, fans, spray cooling, electrolyte drinks supplement, and so on, they will ease quickly. But the heat radiation sickness may cause the body temperature to rise obviously > 40 ℃, the mind barrier, causes many organ function failures, the death rate is extremely high.
Modern civilization has brought us air conditioners, fans and cool drinks to help us through the hot summer days. The incidence rate of heat stroke has dropped significantly. But the old, the young, the weak and the working people who work in the high temperature are still the high incidence of heatstroke. Heatstroke, must not be despised, must be treated carefully, otherwise the tragedy of death will not be good.
The borderline of heat stroke death
The body temperature of people dying of heatstroke is 41-42 degrees.
Human body temperature is maintained at about 37 ℃, while skin temperature is 33 ℃ under normal condition. The difference of 4 ℃ enables the heat generated in the metabolism process of the body to be transmitted to the skin, and then transmitted to the body through the radiation, evaporation and air convection of the skin, so as to ensure that the body temperature is basically constant.
1. Only when the ambient temperature is lower than 33 ℃, can the human body feel comfortable. In terms of human response to high temperature, a temperature of about 30 ℃ is the best temperature for the human body, because in this temperature, the human body generally does not need 'excuse me' sweat glands to dissipate heat, nor need to wear clothes to keep warm.
2. If the temperature is more than 33 ℃, the human body will feel hot. At this time, the sweat glands of the human body will start to 'start', and the accumulated heat in the body will be released by slightly sweating.
3. When the temperature reaches 35 ℃, the blood vessels of the skin begin to expand, the heart rate starts to speed up, and the blood circulation also speeds up, resulting in the increase of the blood flow of the skin several times, so as to increase the heat dissipation of the body surface.
4. When the temperature is above 35 ℃, the cardiac pump blood volume will increase by 50% to 70%.
5. When the temperature is more than 38 ℃, many organs of people take part in cooling.
6. When the temperature reaches 39 ℃, the sweat glands are very tired and tend to collapse, at this time, it is easy to appear the risk of sudden heart disease.
7. When the temperature is above 40 ℃, the brain tissue will be overheated, resulting in hyperemia, hemorrhage and edema of the meninges and brain, which will cause permanent damage to the brain.
8. When the core temperature reaches 41 ℃, it indicates that the prognosis is serious. The mortality rate of severe heatstroke is 41.7% when the core temperature exceeds 40 ℃, and 81.3% when the core temperature exceeds 42 ℃.
High fatality rate of heat radiation disease
Heat radiation disease, different from common heatstroke, belongs to severe heatstroke, which is divided into two types: labor type and non labor type. It refers to the damage of nervous organs caused by high temperature, maladjustment of body temperature regulation, excessive heat accumulation in the body, and usually occurs in the high temperature and high humidity weather in summer.
Most of the cases are manifested as a sudden coma in high temperature environment. Before that, there were headache, numbness, tingling, dizziness and other symptoms. At the same time, the skin was hot and crimson, and the temperature was often above 40 ℃. It is a fatal disease with high mortality.
Why do you get heat radiation disease
Not only in high temperature days, but also in 'high humidity days', which are very high humidity days, a large number of sports are also prone to the situation of heat radiation disease. Air humidity is too high, people's sweat can not be discharged, resulting in excessive heat in the body, temperature imbalance. When exercising, it is best to avoid a dangerous value: the temperature is more than 32 ℃, and the humidity is more than 60%. In this case, there is a significant increase in the risk of developing the disease.
In addition, the staff who need high-temperature working environment can improve the working environment, carry out heatstroke prevention and cooling, or strengthen heat adaptation training, so that the body can gradually adapt to the high-temperature environment, so as to avoid the occurrence of heat radiation disease as much as possible.
First aid measures for heatstroke
1. Call a doctor or an emergency
Observe the symptoms. The long duration of the disease will cause brain damage, anxiety, confusion, dizziness, headache and epilepsy. Heatstroke can also affect the heart, kidney and muscle system. When you encounter the following situations, call 120 for help.
Signs of shock
Unconscious
Temperature rise over 38.9 ℃
Shortness of breath / or pulse
Weak heartbeat, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, dark urine
2. Hypothermia
When waiting for first aid, move the patient to a cool (preferably air-conditioned) place.
The patient can be immersed in the cold water of the bathtub;
Put the patient under the cold water shower;
Spray the patient with cold water of watering flowers;
Wipe the patient's body with cold water;
Cold and wet towel or ice bag cold compress the head, armpit and thigh root;
Or when the weather is dry, wrap the patient in a sheet or clothing soaked in cold water and blow it with a fan.
Remove the patient's excess clothing (hat, shoes, socks)
Do not use alcohol to wipe the skin to cool down, because alcohol will slow down the temperature too fast and make people in a dangerous low temperature state. Wipe your body with cold water. Never use alcohol.
3. Avoid blind treatment
After a lot of perspiration, the body temperature is out of balance and electrolyte is disordered. The so-called antipyretics will further cause hyperhidrosis and increase the loss of water and electrolyte, thus aggravating the disease.
When you have heat stroke, don't take aspirin or paracetamol.
To prevent suffocation caused by aspiration, do not give any oral medicine or food to the patients who are vomiting.
Heat stroke and fever should be cooled by physical means. In case of severe heat radiation disease, the patient can be immersed in cold water until he is sober, and then he can leave and supplement water and electrolyte.
4. Replenish water and salt
Take light salt water (a spoon of salt in a jin of water) or sports drinks
Avoid drinking too much water at one time, which may cause shock.
If you don't have light salt water or sports drinks, you can also drink boiled water.
5. Help the patient keep calm
The patient's sedation is helpful to cooperate with the treatment, reduce the restlessness through deep breathing, and focus on other things. Anxiety can accelerate blood circulation and raise body temperature.
Gently massage the patient's muscles. The aim is to improve the blood circulation of muscles. Muscle cramps are an early symptom of heatstroke. Usually in the lower leg area
Help the patient to lie down. Syncope is one of the most significant effects of heatstroke. Help the patient lie down to avoid injury when the patient faints.
If the patient faints, help him lie on his left side with the knees bent to stabilize his side. This position is called the recovery position. Check his mouth for vomit to prevent suffocation. Because the heart is on the left side, lying on the left side is good for blood circulation.