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Spreading knowledge: common sense of earthquake prevention

In recent years, earthquakes have occurred in various regions of China from time to time, which is unexpected. In the face of earthquake disaster, what should we do? The editor has sorted out and analyzed some life common sense of earthquake disaster prevention for you. Let's learn together as soon as possible.

Life common sense of earthquake disaster prevention

1. Earthquake knowledge

Earthquake is a kind of natural phenomenon. At present, the occurrence of earthquake cannot be prevented by human train. However, we can take effective measures to minimize the earthquake disaster. Due to the continuous movement of the earth, it gradually accumulates huge energy, which causes sudden rupture or dislocation of rock strata in some vulnerable areas of the earth's crust, which is called earthquake. Earthquake precursor refers to the abnormal phenomena before the occurrence of an earthquake, such as seismic activity, obvious changes in the surface, geophysical anomalies such as geomagnetism, geoelectricity and gravity, and abnormal behaviors of groundwater level, hydrochemistry and animals.

Earthquake intensity is the degree of earthquake damage to the ground, buildings and structures at different distances from the epicenter. China divides the earthquake intensity into 12 degrees. Earthquake intensity and earthquake magnitude are two concepts. For example, Tangshan earthquake with magnitude of 7.8, Tangshan earthquake with intensity of 11, Tianjin Central City with intensity of 8 and Shijiazhuang earthquake with intensity of 5. 3 degrees, a few people feel it. At 4-5 degrees, the sleeping person wakes up and the chandelier swings. 6 degrees, utensils toppled, house slightly damaged. 7-8 degrees, housing damage, ground cracks. 9-10 degrees, bridges and dams are damaged, houses are collapsed, and the ground is seriously damaged. 11-12 degrees, devastating.

2. Emergency actions in case of a sensitive earthquake

Sensed earthquake: refers to an earthquake that occurs with a lower level of earthquake, has a clear sense of earthquake, and does not cause damage or major damage.

Key points of emergency:

(1) After the occurrence of a sensed earthquake, when the indoor personnel do not know the strength of the earthquake at the moment of its occurrence, they should quickly separate their heads according to the safer indoor shock points selected in advance.

(2) After the earthquake, evacuate to the outside quickly, pay attention to listening to and watching the news broadcast by TV stations and radio stations, and prepare for the earthquake.

(3) Understand the trend of the earthquake, do not listen to and spread rumors to ensure social stability.

3. Emergency actions in case of destructive earthquake

Destructive earthquake: refers to the occurrence of a large earthquake, causing certain casualties and building damage or causing major casualties and building damage earthquake.

Key points of emergency:

(1) When residents living in bungalows encounter a large-scale earthquake, such as open space, they should quickly run outside to avoid, try to avoid tall buildings, overpasses, high-voltage lines, chemical, gas and other factories or facilities; when there is no time to run, they can hide under the table, bed and solid furniture, and cover their mouths and noses with towels or clothes to prevent dust and smoke.

(2) For residents living in buildings, they should choose small rooms such as kitchens and bathrooms for shock absorption; they can also hide near the inner wall root, corner, solid furniture and other places that are easy to form triangular space; they should stay away from the outer wall, doors and windows, and balconies; they should not use elevators, let alone jump from the building.

(3) Turn off the power and fire source as soon as possible.

(4) When having classes in the classroom, working in the workplace, or activities in the public place, you should quickly wrap your head and close your eyes, and take shelter under the platform, desk, workbench, office furniture, etc.

(5) During field activities, try to avoid the foot and steep cliff to prevent rolling stones and landslides; in case of landslides, run to both sides away from the direction of rolling stones.

(6) When you are playing by the sea, you should stay away from the sea as soon as possible to prevent the tsunami caused by the earthquake.

(7) When driving, you should quickly avoid overpasses, escarpments, power poles, etc., and select an open place as soon as possible to stop immediately.

(8) When the body is injured by the earthquake, try to remove the objects pressed on the body, cover the mouth and nose with wet towel as much as possible to prevent dust and smoke; use stones or iron tools and other percussive objects to contact with the outside world, do not cry for help loudly, and pay attention to physical strength; try to support the unstable heavy objects above with bricks and stones to protect their living space.

4. Don't panic during the earthquake

Most of the earthquakes we feel are sensible and strong, and a few can cause slight damage, while very few can cause serious damage. Therefore, when encountering an earthquake, we must avoid panic, be calm and take correct actions quickly. Especially in high-rise buildings and densely populated places, it is the most realistic to avoid on the spot. There have been earthquakes in China that have not caused any damage, but the lessons of panic stricken people trampling on each other and causing serious injury or even death.