4hw.com.cn: now it's time for many college entrance examination students to choose majors. Compared with liberal arts students, there are more majors for science students to choose, and the employment rate is generally high. So what major should science students choose? Below small make up recommend a few popular major to everybody, take a look together.
1. Computer science and technology
In recent years, with the development of computer science and technology, the development of Internet and the advent of network era, the function of computer is not only to replace some brain computing work of human brain, but also to become an important tool for people to communicate in the information age.
The research direction of this major mainly includes computer software and theory, database and information system, computer system structure, etc. Whether it is a key university or a general university, the major related to computer is a hot major, and the admission scores are relatively high in different batches of colleges and universities. However, due to a large number of schools blindly enrolling in such major, the talents they cultivate are also mixed. If they are not selected for the school, they can only engage in the general work of selling or repairing computers after graduation. According to the current social demand, the following four types of computer talents are popular: software programming talents, network engineering talents, information security talents, computer animation talents.
Although the history of this major is not long, its development speed is amazing. Almost all kinds of colleges and universities across the country have set up this major, which has become one of the major with the largest number of science and engineering candidates. With the rapid decline of employment rate, some ranking statistics even put the professional employment rate into the bottom list.
2. Mechanical design, manufacturing and automation
This major is the combination of traditional mechanical design and manufacturing and advanced automation technology. It is a wide caliber major of mechatronics. The machinery industry is an old industry, and the demand for talents has always been tepid. However, in recent years, China's large-scale industry is gradually recovering, and the development of manufacturing industry is facing the severe challenge of the shortage of senior talents. The independent technology and scientific and technological innovation ability of industrial finished products are obviously insufficient, and the energy consumption and material consumption are high, waste and pollution are serious. The huge engineering and technical team can not be effectively transformed into human resource advantages, which is becoming the main factor restricting the rapid development of manufacturing industry. According to experts in the industry, senior manufacturing talents can be roughly divided into R & D, design, process and assembly. At present, these four kinds of talents are in serious shortage, showing a clear trend of short supply. At the same time, CNC talents with development ability have also become the target of enterprises.
Mechanical design, manufacturing and automation are related to mechanical, electronic, automatic control, computer and many other disciplines, which provide a strong guarantee for cross professional and cross industry employment. In the statistics of employment rate of many colleges and universities, the major has reached more than 90% for many years in a row.
3. Electrical engineering and automation
The major of electrical engineering and its automation has a wide range of adaptability. It can not be separated from the work of these professionals from a family to the whole society.
The graduates of this major are mainly employed in the following three categories: the first one is State Grid Corporation of China, China Southern Power Grid Corporation and five major power generation companies Datang, Huaneng, Guodian, Huadian and China Power Investment Corporation. These companies should be the first choice for graduates, but these famous enterprises also have high requirements for talents, and the competition is quite fierce. Provincial and municipal power supply companies or power supply bureaus are more realistic choices for graduates majoring in electrical engineering, with good treatment.
The second is Engineering Bureau. The Engineering Bureau is mainly responsible for the related work of power plant construction and substation construction. Compared with other units, the work of the Engineering Bureau is more difficult, because with the continuous transfer of the project location, where the general power plant construction is, people work, but the treatment is very observable.
The third category is electrical equipment companies and power manufacturing industry. According to statistics, more than half of the electrical graduates will be engaged in the work related to the power system every year. Most of them choose to enter some large and medium-sized electrical equipment companies and automation companies. At the same time, industries such as electrical equipment, automobile, railway, lighting, communication, chemical industry also need electrical talents. In addition, in recent years, the state has invested heavily in the electrification of the railway. So far, the total mileage of China's electrified railway has exceeded 48000 kilometers, leaping to the first place in the world. Subsequently, the demand for electrical engineering and automation professionals has also increased significantly.
As the research of electrical specialty in foreign countries is ahead of that in China, it is a good choice for graduates to go abroad for further study if they want to have further development in professional research.
4. Communication Engineering
From BB to PHS, from brick like 'big brother' to biscuit like mobile phones, from geese to e-mail, from voice communication to intelligent communication, from network communication to triple play, from 3G to 4G & hellip & hellip; communication technology is changing rapidly.
Communication is ubiquitous. As long as there is information and communication electronic technology, there are communication engineers and technicians. However, most of the graduates still pay attention to the communication enterprises. Ericsson, ZTE, Huawei and other large companies, known as "love China", have always been the hot target of communication engineering.
After all, there are very few graduates who can engage in technology research and development in large companies. Most of the graduates do the work with low technical content, such as maintenance of computer room equipment or sales of communication products. If you can enter the telecom industry operators such as mobile, telecom, Netcom, Unicom and other companies to get employment, basically even if the end of the iron rice bowl can provide for the aged.
No matter what work you do, as long as you are in touch with "communication", the salary is not low, so every year, a large number of high score candidates compete to fill in the major of communication engineering.
5. Electronic Information Engineering
In other words, this is also an old profession. In the words of the common people, it was the former "radio". Now, the general colleges and universities of science and technology have set up this major, and they do not hesitate to give priority to financial support. Their names are also linked with "electronic" and "information". It can be said that "old trees open new flowers".
Information industry is a new high-tech industry, with great potential and broad prospects for development. With the transformation from industrial economy to knowledge economy, information industry will inevitably become the world's largest industry, and electronic information engineering is one of the important foundations and pillars of information industry.
In addition to the high probability of postgraduate guarantee and entrance examination, the undergraduates majoring in electronic information engineering also show strong competitive potential in the talent market. As China's electronic information industry is still in its infancy, "talent saturation" and "going downhill" seem to be far away, so students can not only go to the electronic system industry for system sorting, analysis and design, analysis, research and development of components, but also to post and telecommunications, energy, transportation, finance, public security, national defense, radio and television and other departments after graduation Operation and technical management of sub equipment and system.
The information from the job fairs in recent years shows that: the demand for graduates majoring in electronic information engineering keeps growing, but the employers' requirements for the level of talents are also constantly upgrading, that is, the development from undergraduate, junior college to master and doctoral students. Therefore, in the future for a long time, the postgraduate entrance examination of this major after graduation will still be the first choice for many students.
6. Vehicle engineering
Vehicle engineering involves a wide range of technology. In addition to the material technology supporting automobile forming and the mechanical technology supporting automobile power system, the land mobile machinery such as rolling stock, light rail vehicle, military vehicle and engineering vehicle are almost all inclusive.
The leaping development of science and technology and the leap of national quality of life have put forward higher requirements for the vehicle industry, followed by a shortage of specialized personnel who master the theory and technology of the vehicle industry, especially senior automobile and new automobile design and development talents. The graduates of vehicle major have a broad employment prospect. They can not only work in the design and manufacturing departments of rolling stock, subway, light rail vehicle and automobile, but also in the automobile sales, automobile service, automobile maintenance and other industries, as well as in the planning, design, construction, operation and management of urban transportation system.
At the same time, the rise of new automobile technology focusing on safety, energy saving and environmental protection has closely linked the automobile industry with today's cutting-edge technology, which also provides a vast development space for students of this major. Some colleges and universities have a one-time employment rate of more than 95%.
7. Civil engineering
Civil engineering is a general designation of science and technology for the construction of various engineering facilities, which belongs to the infrastructure industry in the national construction.
It should be said that our country's infrastructure is still in the development stage, and we have a gap of 20 to 30 years compared with the western developed countries. At present, the main battlefield of our country's infrastructure construction is the construction of high-speed railway, expressway, power station, water conservancy construction, etc., which absorb a large number of civil engineering graduates every year. Of course, more undergraduate graduates have finally entered private construction companies and construction teams all over the country.
During the period of university study and after work, students can obtain many qualification certificates through the unified examination of relevant departments: Registered Structural Engineer, registered cost engineer, registered supervision engineer, real estate appraiser, registered architect, registered constructor, registered geotechnical engineer, etc. With these certificates, there will be many opportunities and higher rewards in job hunting and work.
For a long time, the employment rate of graduates majoring in civil engineering has been at the top of the list. The employment direction can be roughly divided into two different directions: Road and bridge engineering and construction engineering. No matter which direction, the jobs can be divided into two kinds: one is the construction unit, which is the choice of most undergraduate graduates. There is a big difference between the wages of large construction units and small units. The wages of China Construction, China Railway and other state-owned enterprises are usually 12000 yuan higher than the average construction unit. The other is the Design Institute, to do structural design or architectural design, which is the choice of most graduates. The work of the design institute is stable, and there are weekends and holidays at the same time, but the salary can not compare with the construction unit at the beginning.
8. Bioscience
Bioscience is a frontier discipline developed in recent years and one of the leading disciplines in the 21st century. The employment of Bioscience shows a trend of diversification. After graduation, graduates can go to enterprises, institutions and administrative departments in industries, medicine, food, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, environmental protection, garden and other industries to engage in application research, technology development, production management and administrative management related to biotechnology. As it has developed into the most comprehensive and branch subject, it should be carefully considered when choosing specific occupation.
As the biotechnology industry in China is still relatively backward, the income of graduates of this major is generally medium. In the next few years, the main application fields of biotechnology include light chemical industry and food, marine biotechnology, biochemical engineering technology, environmental biotechnology, pharmaceutical biotechnology, etc.
In addition, the science and technology content of Bioscience major is required to be high, so the proportion of undergraduate students in this major in postgraduate guarantee and postgraduate entrance examination is much higher than that of general majors,