4hw.com.cn: when it comes to electric cars, I believe that many people are familiar with them. It's the most common means of walking besides cars. But just like this, we use the most frequent means of transportation, in fact, we need to take good care of them at ordinary times. It's said that the maintenance of electric vehicles is easier and cheaper than that of fuel vehicles. What are the maintenance items of electric vehicles? Let's take a look with the editor~
How should electric cars be maintained?
1. It should be fully charged before use.
The newly purchased electric vehicle should be fully charged before use.
2. Keep the battery dry and clean.
Always remove the dust and dirt on the battery cover, and keep the battery dry and clean to prevent the battery from discharging itself.
3. The battery shall be firmly installed on the electric bicycle.
When the battery is taken down for charging, it shall be firmly installed on the electric bicycle to prevent the battery from being damaged by vibration during riding. During the handling of battery, it is forbidden to throw, roll over or press heavily.
4. Just start with your foot.
When the electric bicycle is just started, it needs to use the foot pedal. If there is no foot pedal, it can use the foot to push the ground to help start. When going uphill, use the foot pedal to help the electric bicycle go uphill, so as to avoid damaging the battery due to excessive discharge current.
5. Form a good habit of charging the battery every night.
Never let the battery be in a state of insufficient power for a long time, and form a good habit of charging the battery every night. If it is not used for a long time, it should be fully charged, placed in a cool and dry place, and charged regularly, usually for 10 days.
6. Do not let the battery over discharge, do shallow discharge and frequent charging.
When riding, pay attention not to over discharge the battery. After the battery is discharged to the termination voltage, the continuous discharge is called over discharge. Over discharge is easy to cause serious battery power loss, thus greatly reducing its service life. Therefore, deep discharge shall be avoided as far as possible when the battery is used, and shallow discharge and frequent charging shall be achieved. In general, it is best to charge the battery once when the discharge depth is 50%. The electric bicycle is generally equipped with undervoltage protection function. When only one indicator light of battery power indicator is on, turn off the power supply, use the foot pedal, and charge the battery as soon as possible to avoid over discharge of the battery.
7. The battery shall not be discharged for a long time and shall be turned off immediately when not in use.
At the termination voltage, the internal resistance is large, and the electrolyte concentration is very thin, especially the electrode hole and the surface are almost neutral. During the over discharge, the internal resistance tends to heat up, and the volume expands. When the discharge current is large, the internal resistance obviously heats up or even deforms. At this time, the concentration of lead sulfate is particularly large, and the possibility of surviving the short circuit of the crystal branch increases. Moreover, the lead sulfate will crystallize into larger particles, That is to say, the formation of irreversible sulfation will further increase the internal resistance, and the recovery ability of charging is very poor, even can not be repaired. Over discharge shall be prevented when the battery is used, and undervoltage protection is an effective measure. In addition, because the "undervoltage protection" of the electric vehicle is controlled by the controller, but some other devices other than the controller, such as voltmeter, indicator light and other power consumers are directly powered by the battery, the power supply is generally not controlled by the controller, and the electric vehicle lock switch will start to use electricity once it is closed. Although the current is small, if it is discharged for a long time for 1-2 weeks, over discharge will occur. Therefore, it is not allowed to unlock the lock for a long time, and it should be turned off immediately when not in use.
8. Avoid overcharging.
When the charger shows that it is full, it will stop charging. It can't be charged overnight or even for several days. Overcharge will cause the active material of the plate to harden and fall off, and produce water loss and battery deformation. When the battery runs in high temperature season, there is a problem of overcharge. Therefore, in summer, the battery temperature should be reduced as much as possible to ensure good heat dissipation, prevent charging after the sun exposure, and keep away from the heat source. To avoid overcharging, in addition, the charger parameters shall be well matched with the battery, and the operation condition of the battery in the high temperature season and the change during the whole service life shall be fully understood. Do not put the battery in the overheated environment when using, especially keep away from the heat source when charging. Cooling measures shall be taken after the battery is heated, and the battery can be charged only when the temperature of the battery returns to normal. The installation position of the battery shall ensure good heat dissipation as far as possible. In case of overheating, stop charging and check the charger and battery. The charging time should be shortened when the battery discharge depth is shallow or the ambient temperature is high.
9. Avoid long-term power loss.
Long term power loss will make the plate vulcanized. At low temperature, the main problems of charging are poor acceptance and insufficient charging, which lead to battery power loss. The measures of heat preservation and antifreeze should be taken at low temperature, especially when charging in a warm environment, which is conducive to ensuring sufficient electricity, preventing the production of irreversible sulfation and prolonging the service life of the battery.
10. Prevent short circuit.
Special care shall be taken during installation or use. Insulation measures shall be taken for all tools used. During wiring, electrical appliances other than the battery shall be connected first. After checking, there shall be no short circuit, and finally the battery shall be connected. The wiring specification shall be good insulation to prevent overlapping and compression from cracking. It is forbidden to use the method of battery short circuit to detect the charged condition of the battery, so as to prevent the explosion from causing casualties. When the battery is in the short circuit state, its short circuit current can reach hundreds of amperes. The stronger the short-circuit contact is, the greater the short-circuit current is, so a large amount of heat will be generated in all the connecting parts, and the more heat will be generated in the weak link, which will fuse the connection and produce a short-circuit phenomenon. The local part of the battery may produce the explosive gas or the explosive gas accumulated during charging. When the connection is fused, sparks will be generated, which will cause the explosion of the battery. If the short-circuit time of the battery is short or the current is not very large, it may not cause the fuse phenomenon at the connection, but the short-circuit will still have overheating phenomenon, which will damage the adhesive around the connection strip, leaving hidden dangers such as leakage. Therefore, the battery must not have a short circuit. During installation or use, special care should be taken to insulate the tools used. During wiring, the electrical appliances other than the battery should be connected first. After checking that there is no short circuit, the battery should be connected finally. The wiring specification should be good insulation to prevent the overlapping pressure from cracking.
11. Prevent exposure to the sun.
The sun exposure will increase the temperature of the battery, increase the activity of each active substance of the battery, and affect the service life of the battery.
12. The starting time cannot exceed 5 seconds each time.
To avoid long-term high current discharge of the battery will greatly damage the internal structure of the battery. It is recommended that the starting time of the car owner should not exceed 5 seconds each time. Two consecutive starts are required, with an interval of 10-15 seconds.
13. Check and adjust the front and rear brakes.
Check and adjust the front and rear brakes before using the electric bicycle. The front brake is controlled by the right brake handle, and the rear brake is controlled by the left brake handle. The adjustment of the front and rear brakes is suitable for the reliable brake when the left and right handlebar handle reaches half of the stroke. The brake shoes are excessively worn and should be replaced in time.
14. The discharged battery shall be powered up in time.
Do not leave for more than 12 hours.
15. Check the chain lubrication before using the electric bicycle.
Feel and observe whether the chain shaft of the chain rotates flexibly and whether the chain link is seriously rusted. In case of rust or inflexible rotation, add proper amount of lubricating oil, and replace the chain in case of serious corrosion.
16. Avoid overloading.
The standard load capacity of electric bicycle is 75kg, so overload should be avoided as far as possible.
17. Inspection before riding.
Before cycling, check the tire pressure, handlebar steering flexibility, front and rear wheel rotation flexibility, circuit, battery power, motor working condition, light, horn, etc.
18. Use electric bikes in cold weather.
It is necessary to drive with the help of manpower or electricity as much as possible, and it is also necessary to pay attention to the battery power and voltage indicating that when the weather is generally cold, the discharge depth of the battery shall be properly reduced, and it is not allowed to drive under voltage. This is because the battery's charge capacity and discharge capacity are reduced in cold weather.
19. Storage of electric bicycles.
The electric bicycle shall be stored in a cool, ventilated, dry place away from corrosive liquid and gas. When storing, the whole vehicle shall be upright, the tire pressure shall be sufficient, the vehicle body shall not be loaded with heavy objects, and the battery shall be stored separately.